The risk factors for postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder and depression

Bingöl, Fadime Bayrı; Bal, Meltem Demirgöz

doi:10.1111/ppc.12501

Cited by 23 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This is consistent with other studies that have shown an association between traumatic birth experience and PPD 20,21 . A study conducted in Turkey found that the risk of developing PPD was higher in women with perceived birth trauma 22 . Literature report how women with perceived birth trauma may display more negative responses towards their children 23 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…PPD is consistently associated with poorer mother‐infant bond and mother‐infant interactions, 25 which may contribute to depression among women with perceived birth trauma. Furthermore, women with perceived birth trauma experienced more psychological stresses and had more negative emotions, resulting in relationship difficulties with their partners and other social interactions 22 . Such relationship stresses may be another contributing factor for the high prevalence of PPD in women with perceived birth trauma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between perceived birth trauma and postpartum depression: A prospective cohort study in China

Chen

Ismail

Xiong

et al. 2021

Intl J Gynecology & Obste

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Objective To assess the association between women's perceived birth trauma and risk of postpartum depression (PPD). Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study in China between December 2018 and November 2019. Women aged 18–45 years who had a singleton live birth at a university teaching hospital were enrolled after written consent was obtained. PPD was defined as a score of 13 or more on the Chinese version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. We used multiple log‐binomial regression analysis to estimate the independent association between perceived birth trauma and PPD. Results A total of 650 eligible women were included in the final analysis. Of them, 245 (37.69%) had self‐reported perceived birth trauma and 188 (28.92%) developed PPD. The PPD rate was 42.04% in women with perceived birth trauma, compared with 20.99% in women without perceived birth trauma (crude relative risk [RR] 2.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.48–3.72). The increased risk of PPD for women with perceived birth trauma remained after adjustment for sociodemographic and obstetric factors (adjusted RR 2.13, 95% CI 1.69–3.28). Conclusion Perceived birth trauma may be an important risk factor for PPD in Chinese women. Supportive care for women who perceived childbirth as a trauma may help to reduce the risk of PPD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between perceived birth trauma and postpartum depression: A prospective cohort study in China

Chen

Ismail

Xiong

et al. 2021

Intl J Gynecology & Obste

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“…In addition to PPD, postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder (PP-PTSD), a more severe mental disorder, has gained increased attention from researchers and clinicians worldwide [2]. High co-morbid rates of PPD and PP-PTSD have been reported by some researchers (90.4% of women with PP-PTSD had also experienced PPD and 31.5% women with PPD had also experienced PP-PTSD [2,9]. PP-PTSD is an anxiety disorder that develops as a direct consequence of a difficult or traumatic birth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postpartum depression and postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder: prevalence and associated factors

et al. 2021

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Background Despite the increased global interest from researchers in postpartum depression (PPD) and postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder (PP-PTSD), studies of PPD in China have shown a wide range of variability. Indeed, the prevalence and risk factors for PP-PTSD have received little attention in China. Aim To determine the prevalence of PPD and PP-PTSD in China, and to examine the relationships between a range of sociodemographic, pregnancy-related, and newborn-related variables, and PPD and PP-PTSD. Methods A cross-sectional study involving 1136 women who returned to the obstetrics clinic for routine postpartum examination were enrolled. The sociodemographic, pregnancy-related, and newborn-related characteristics were collected. Social support, and PPD and PP-PTSD symptoms were measured by the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and the Perinatal Post-traumatic Stress Questionnaire (PPQ). Results The prevalence rates of PPD and PP-PTSD symptoms were 23.5 and 6.1%, respectively. A multivariate model showed that the presence of PP-PTSD was the strongest risk factor for PPD symptoms and vice versa. Other risk factors for PPD included low sleep quality, low social support and newborn’s incubator admission. In terms of PP-PTSD symptoms, risk factors included the presence of PPD symptoms, non-Han ethnicity, and low social support, while having one child was a protective factor. Conclusions This study addressed some gaps in the literature and provided a better understanding of PPD and PP-PTSD in China, which may contribute to early detection and intervention. Attention should be paid to women who are most susceptible to PPD and/or PP-PTSD, including those with low social support, low sleep quality, newborn’s incubator admission, non-Han ethnicity, and women with siblings.

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“…A traumatic childbirth experience can adversely affect a woman’s self-identity, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and mental health (Beck, 2004b; Bryanton et al, 2008). A recent study involving a Turkish population revealed that 8.5% of their mothers presented with all symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following traumatic childbirths (Bayri Bingol & Demirgoz Bal, 2020). A study among Australian mothers reported that 45.5% of mothers developed symptoms of PTSD 4–6 weeks after traumatic birth events (Alcorn et al, 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Traumatic Childbirth Experiences of New Parents: A Meta-Synthesis

Shorey

Wong

2020

Trauma, Violence, & Abuse

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Childbirth is usually a joyous occasion. However, a significant proportion of parents experienced traumatic childbirths and suffered post-traumatic consequences, which needs urgent attention. Therefore, this review aimed to explore and understand the traumatic childbirth experiences of parents. A systematic review of qualitative studies was done. The consolidated evidence was meta-summarized and meta-synthesized based on Sandelowski and Barroso’s approach for synthesizing qualitative research. Seven electronic databases, including PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science, were searched from each database’s inception to April 2020. Retrieved studies were screened using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, and 19 studies were included in this review. All included studies were meta-summarized and meta-synthesized. An overarching theme, “traumatic birth: an evolving voyage,” with three main themes, (1) “proceedings to traumatic birth,” (2) “internal and external battles,” and (3) “muddling through to beating the odds,” and 10 subthemes were identified. Overall, parents felt fluctuations of emotions that seemed to be never-ending journeys. They expressed that various factors led to their traumatic birth experiences, especially health care providers’ dismissive attitudes. Parents commonly reported feelings of powerlessness and fear for the safety of mothers and infants. Their constant battles to overcome traumatic experiences affected some of their relationships. To deal with the trauma, some mothers displayed avoidance behaviors while others relied on social support. As health care providers play important roles in influencing outcomes of childbirth, they should be mindful of the care provided during labors and childbirths.

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The risk factors for postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder and depression

Cited by 23 publications

References 26 publications

Association between perceived birth trauma and postpartum depression: A prospective cohort study in China

Association between perceived birth trauma and postpartum depression: A prospective cohort study in China

Postpartum depression and postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder: prevalence and associated factors

Traumatic Childbirth Experiences of New Parents: A Meta-Synthesis

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