The risk for post-thrombotic syndrome of subjects with deep vein thrombosis in an Indonesian referral hospital: a retrospective cohort study

Abstract

Background Post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) is a complication of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and affects 20–40% of DVT subjects. The risk factor of PTS after DVT is difficult to determine. We aimed to evaluate the incidence of PTS after 3 months of DVT diagnosis and to determine the risk of PTS. Methods A retrospective cohort study of subjects who developed DVT confirmed by Doppler ultrasound in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from April 2014 until June 2015. The presence of PTS was assessed after 3 months of completed DVT treatment using the Villalta score. Risk factors for PTS were evaluated from medical records. Results There were 91 subjects with DVT with mean age of 58 years. 56% were female. It was dominated by subjects aged ≥ 60 years (45.1%). Hypertension (30.8%) and diabetes mellitus (26.4%) were the major comorbidities in this study. Deep vein thrombosis occurred commonly in unilateral side (79.1%), proximal localization (87.9%), and unprovoked DVT (47.3%). The cumulative incidence of PTS after DVT was 53.8%, 69% of subjects had mild PTS. Heaviness of the leg (63.2%) and edema (77.5%) were the most common symptoms. Results There were 91 subjects with DVT with mean age of 58 years. 56% were female. It was dominated by subjects aged ≥ 60 years (45.1%). Hypertension (30.8%) and diabetes mellitus (26.4%) were the major comorbidities in this study. Deep vein thrombosis occurred commonly in unilateral side (79.1%), proximal localization (87.9%), and unprovoked DVT (47.3%). The cumulative incidence of PTS after DVT was 53.8%, 69% of subjects had mild PTS. Heaviness of the leg (63.2%) and edema (77.5%) were the most common symptoms. Significant risk factors for PTS were unprovoked DVT (adjusted RR 1.67; 95%CI: 1.17–2.04; p = 0.01) and female gender (adjusted RR 1.55; 95%CI: 1.03–1.94; p = 0.04). Age, body mass index, thrombus location, immobilization, malignancy and surgery was not associated with PTS. Conclusion We conclude that 53.8% of subjects suffered PTS after 3 months of DVT. Unprovoked DVT and female gender were significant risk factors for PTS.

Diagnostic and prognostic potential of long non-coding RNA NORAD in patients with acute deep vein thrombosis and its role in endothelial cell function

“…Collectively, serum expression of lncRNA NORAD gene had considerable diagnostic and prognostic significance in discriminating DVT patients and healthy people. In addition, our present results also indicated the close relationship of age and D-dimer with the development of PTS, which was consistent with the previous evidence [ 20 , 21 ].…”

A systematic evaluation and meta-analysis of early prediction of post-thrombotic syndrome

“…The period of publication is mainly from 2016 to 2023. The countries of publication included China ( 9 , 11 , 12 , 18 , 21 ), Norway ( 10 , 28 ), Canada ( 13 ), the Netherlands ( 14 , 16 , 25 ), Japan ( 15 ), Indonesia ( 17 ), Australia ( 19 ), Switzerland ( 20 ), Israel ( 22 , 23 ), Pakistan ( 24 ) and Poland ( 26 , 27 ). For the background of morbidity, only one of the studies ( 10 ) reported a background of pregnancy-related venous thrombosis, while the remaining 19 had a background of deep vein thrombosis (DVT).…”