The Risk Mapping of Coastal Flooding Areas Due to Tsunami Wave Run-Up Using DAS Model and its Impact on Nekor Bay (Morocco)

Abstract

The Al-Hoceima region is threatened by tsunami hazard because of its location in the coastal area of the Mediterranean Sea, besides the shallow seismically active region south of the Alboran Sea. Therefore, the current study presents a novel model to map coastal flooding potential zones due to tsunami wave run-up in Nekor bay using three natural parameters (distance from coastline, altitude and slope) in a geographic information system (GIS) environment. Furthermore, the coastal flooding simulation using 4 scénarios (1, 2, 3, 4m) based on the run-up elevation according to tsunami wave elevation (TWE) literature of the study area is used to confirm the DAS model result, and to estimate the potential impacts. The result of the DAS model revealed that 1 km from the coast to the Nekor plain is the most exposed to the impact of tsunamis generated south of the Alboran Sea. The coastal flooding simulation confirmed the DAS result, and the damage estimation of the urban area and the agriculture was respectively 2 and 98% for run-up 1 m, 3% and 97% for run-up 2m, 4% and 96% for run-up 3m, and for the worst case scenario of 4 m was 3% and 97%. Therefore, the results obtained show that the major potential impact of coastal flooding in Nekor plain is the salinization of agricultural land. Finally, we propose a sustainable solution utilizing a controlled forest along the coast to reduce future tsunami impacts on Nekor bay.

Health Impacts of the 2023 Flood in Pakistan: A Comprehensive Case Study on Skin-related Ailments and Waterborne Diseases

“…The emergence of waterborne diseases, skin-related issues, and the amplified risk to vulnerable populations has been a consistent theme in disaster situations [6]. As disaster management strategies evolve, this convergence of findings emphasizes the need for tailored interventions that prioritize both physical safety and public health in the aftermath of floods and other natural disasters [3,8,9]. As Pakistan endeavors to rebuild and strengthen its disaster resilience strategies, these findings from the 2023 flood provide a valuable opportunity to fine-tune disaster preparedness plans, emphasizing proactive healthcare interventions and efficient coordination to mitigate the health repercussions on vulnerable communities.…”

“…Floods not only pose physical health risks but also take a toll on mental well-being [8]. Ensuring access to psychosocial support services is imperative to address the emotional trauma and stress experienced by survivors.…”

“…The high humidity and compromised living conditions in the aftermath of the 2023 flood was a recipe for the surge in skin issues, corroborating the broader literature on the subject. Literature exploring the intersection of floods, insects, and health reveals a consistent trend [8,9]. Similarly, stagnant water in flooded areas becomes a fertile ground for mosquito breeding, leading to an increased risk of mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria [6].…”

Evaluation of Tsunami Inundation in the Plain of Martil (North Morocco): Comparison of Four Inundation Estimation Methods

“…On the one hand, the inundation can be perceived through the analysis of sensibility factors that could condition the exposure to tsunami hazard. Taher et al (2022) used a combination of terrain characteristics such as distance to the shore, altitude and slope as criteria to identify areas prone to tsunami inundation in the Nekor-Ghis bay, near the city of Al Hoceima.…”

“…Not mentioned DAS model (Taher et al, 2022) Scoring of distance from shore, altitude and slope and multiplication of the scores sediment displaced. This threshold was set at 0.15 km 3 , this value being the 0.47-quantile of the statistical distribution of the 66 quaternary submarine landslides deposits analysed in the Alboran Sea.…”