The risk of metabolic syndrome as a result of lifestyle among Ellisras rural young adults

Abstract

The study aimed to investigate the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and lifestyle risk factors among Ellisras adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 624 adults (306 males and 318 females). MetS was defined according to the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation. The prevalence of MetS was 23.1% (8.6% males and 36.8 % females). Females appeared to have higher mean values for waist circumference (WC), fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TCHOL) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), while males had high mean values for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). No significant age and gender differences were observed for dietary intake. Significantly more females (51.9%) presented with increased WC than males (4.6%). Participants who had a high dietary energy intake were significantly less likely to present with larger WC (OR: 0.250 95% CI [0.161; 0.389]), low HDL-C (OR: 0.306 95% CI [0.220; 0.425]) and high LDL-C (OR: 0.583 95% CI [0.418; 0.812]) but more likely to present with elevated FBG (OR: 1.01 95% CI [0.735; 1.386]), high TCHOL (OR: 1.039 95% CI [0.575; 1.337]), high TG (OR: 1.186 95% CI [0.695; 2.023]) and hypertension (OR: 5.205 95% CI [3.156; 8.585]). After adjusting for age, gender, smoking, and alcohol status, high energy intake was more than two times likely to predict MetS in adults with a large WC (OR: 2.766 95% CI [0.863; 3.477] and elevated FBG (OR: 2.227 95% CI [1.051; 3.328]). Therefore, identifying groups that are at an increased risk and those that are in their early stages of MetS will help improve and prevent the increase of the MetS in the future.

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components among a population-based study in south of Iran, PERSIAN Kharameh cohort study

“…35 In fact, WC and HDL-C levels are the most important risk factors that explain the higher susceptibility of women compared to men. 36 Hajian-Tilaki et al also reported that obesity was significantly higher in females. 37 According to the results of our study, elevated triglyceride was the second most prevalent component of MetS after obesity.…”

Changes in the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components as Well as in Relevant Preventive Medication between 2006 and 2018 in the Northeast Hungarian Population

“…In our present study, the prevalence of decreased HDL-C levels also increased significantly, from 21.21% to 36.73% ( p = 0.016), in the subgroups aged 20–34 years, while there was no significant change in the other age groups between 2006 and 2018. High prevalence of MetS was also detected among young adults (aged 18–30 years) in a study recently published [ 39 ] on the Ellisras (town in the Limpopo province of South Africa) rural population, and increasing prevalence of MetS even among children and adolescents seems to be a worldwide phenomenon [ 40 , 41 , 42 ]. These observations are interpreted as outcomes of severe nutritional changes and missing preventive interventions targeting healthy diet [ 40 , 41 , 42 ].…”

Prevention and Early Detection of Metabolic Syndrome in Household Community, Surabaya

“…It is said that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in young adults has increased in the last 15 years 8 . This can be caused by Westernized diet, sedentary lifestyle, excessive alcohol intake, and smoking at productive age 9 . However, early detection of metabolic syndrome in young adults can provide more effective prevention because of cost-saving and reducing disability-adjusted life years 10 .…”