The risk of modification of the immune response of the body in agricultural workers from the effects of a biological factor

Abstract

The issues of timely identification of workers in need of in-depth examination remain relevant and priority; substantiation of criteria for the formation of risk groups, taking into account the assessment of early nonspecific reactions of the body in order to timely ensure rational schemes for the organization of therapeutic and recreational activities. The analysis of the available literature data on determining the role of the immune system in the development of pathology in workers under conditions of industrial microbiological risk seems relevant. We have carried out a systematic search and analysis of modern domestic and foreign literature on the designated topic. Hygienic studies indicate that respiratory dusts, chemicals, conditionally pathogenic saprophytic microorganisms prevail as part of the complex of working environment factors. As a result of adsorption on dust particles, microorganisms are able to trigger the development of pathological processes, followed by the release of inflammatory mediators. Other interrelated and interdependent molecular mechanisms also take part in the processes of formation of inflammation of the respiratory tract. Maintaining the balance of the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory regulatory proteins - cytokines is the basis for maintaining an adequate balance and the formation of anti-infectious immunity. Epithelial cells are the main organ capable of performing the functions of a barrier to prevent the spread of an infectious agent to the lower respiratory tract. The analysis of scientific literature indicates a significant contribution of microbial contamination of the air of the working area by saprophytic microorganisms to the development of immuno-mediated general somatic, production-related and occupational morbidity. There is not enough work on a clear disclosure of the patterns of immune response, the stage-by-stage indicators of endogenous protection mechanisms, which make it possible to justify timely diagnostic measures and high-quality medical supervision of employees.