The RMS survey: far-infrared photometry of young massive stars

Mottram, J. C.; Hoare, M. G.; Lumsden, S. L.; Oudmaijer, R. D.; Urquhart, J. S.; Meade, M. R.; Moore, T. J. T.; Stead, Joseph J.

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200913319

Cited by 29 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In Battersby et al (2010), UCHII regions were associated with very bright ( > ∼ 1 Jy) 24 μm point sources, which may be the population of bright sources we are picking out here. We note that even though most or all UCHII regions are mIRb, certainly not all mIRb sources are UCHII regions (e.g., Mottram et al 2010). The fact that the population of mIRb and 24 μm bright are so similar is likely an artifact of the cutoffs chosen.…”

Section: Star Formation Tracers In Hi-gal Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 82%

Characterizing precursors to stellar clusters withHerschel

Battersby

Bally

Ginsburg

et al. 2011

A&A

159

218

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Context. Despite their profound effect on the universe, the formation of massive stars and stellar clusters remains elusive. Recent advances in observing facilities and computing power have brought us closer to understanding this formation process. In the past decade, compelling evidence has emerged that suggests infrared dark clouds (IRDCs) may be precursors to stellar clusters. However, the usual method for identifying IRDCs is biased by the requirement that they are seen in absorption against background mid-IR emission, whereas dust continuum observations allow cold, dense pre-stellar-clusters to be identified anywhere. Aims. We aim to understand what dust temperatures and column densities characterize and distinguish IRDCs, to explore the population of dust continuum sources that are not IRDCs, and to roughly characterize the level of star formation activity in these dust continuum sources. Methods. We use Hi-GAL 70 to 500 μm data to identify dust continuum sources in the = 30 • and = 59 • Hi-GAL science demonstration phase (SDP) fields, to characterize and subtract the Galactic cirrus emission, and perform pixel-by-pixel modified blackbody fits on cirrus-subtracted Hi-GAL sources. We utilize archival Spitzer data to indicate the level of star-forming activity in each pixel, from mid-IR-dark to mid-IR-bright. Results. We present temperature and column density maps in the Hi-GAL = 30 • and = 59 • SDP fields, as well as a robust algorithm for cirrus subtraction and source identification using Hi-GAL data. We report on the fraction of Hi-GAL source pixels which are mid-IR-dark, mid-IR-neutral, or mid-IR-bright in both fields. We find significant trends in column density and temperature between mid-IR-dark and mid-IR-bright pixels; mid-IR-dark pixels are about 10 K colder and have a factor of 2 higher column density on average than mid-IR-bright pixels. We find that Hi-GAL dust continuum sources span a range of evolutionary states from preto star-forming, and that warmer sources are associated with more star formation tracers. Additionally, there is a trend of increasing temperature with tracer type from mid-IR-dark at the coldest, to outflow/maser sources in the middle, and finally to 8 and 24 μm bright sources at the warmest. Finally, we identify five candidate IRDC-like sources on the far-side of the Galaxy. These are cold (∼20 K), high column density (N(H 2 ) > 10 22 cm −2 ) clouds identified with Hi-GAL which, despite bright surrounding mid-IR emission, show little to no absorption at 8 μm. These are the first inner Galaxy far-side candidate IRDCs of which the authors are aware.

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Section: Star Formation Tracers In Hi-gal Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 82%

Characterizing precursors to stellar clusters withHerschel

Battersby

Bally

Ginsburg

et al. 2011

A&A

159

218

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“…A sample of the results from these fits are shown in Table 1 Mottram et al (2010). "Young/Old Star" is abbreviated to "Y/O Str" and an additional classification for more evolved Compact or diffuse H ii regions, where the ionised region fills much of the MSX beam, is abbreviated to "DH ii".…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paper we will use the far-IR data from Mottram et al (2010) along with other data from RMS observations and the literature to obtain the SEDs of these sources (Sect. 2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Red MSX Source survey: the bolometric fluxes and luminosity distributions of young massive stars

Mottram

Hoare

Urquhart

et al. 2010

A&A

Self Cite

116

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Context. The Red MSX Source (RMS) survey is returning a large sample of massive young stellar objects (MYSOs) and ultra-compact (UC) H ii regions using follow-up observations of colour-selected candidates from the MSX point source catalogue.Aims. We obtain the bolometric fluxes and, using kinematic distance information, the luminosities for young RMS sources with farinfrared fluxes. Methods. We use a model spectral energy distribution (SED) fitter to obtain the bolometric flux for our sources, given flux data from our work and the literature. The inputs to the model fitter were optimised by a series of investigations designed to reveal the effect varying these inputs had on the resulting bolometric flux. Kinematic distances derived from molecular line observations were then used to calculate the luminosity of each source. Results. Bolometric fluxes are obtained for 1173 young RMS sources, of which 1069 have uniquely constrained kinematic distances and good SED fits. A comparison of the bolometric fluxes obtained using SED fitting with trapezium rule integration and two component greybody fits was also undertaken, and showed that both produce considerable scatter compared to the method used here.Conclusions. The bolometric flux results allowed us to obtain the luminosity distributions of YSOs and UCH ii regions in the RMS sample, which we find to be different. We also find that there are few MYSOs with L ≥ 10 5 L , despite finding many MYSOs with 10 4 L ≥ L ≥ 10 5 L .

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“…Very recently, Mottram et al (2010) have estimated the MIPSGal 70 μm flux of the RMS source (Table 1).…”

Section: The Field Of Iras 16353−4636mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is no spatial correlation between IRAS 16353−4636 and the X-ray and GMRT-radio sources. Mottram et al (2010). …”

Section: The Field Of Iras 16353−4636mentioning

confidence: 99%

Radio and IR study of the massive star-forming region IRAS 16353−4636

Benaglia

Ribó

Combi

et al. 2010

A&A

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Context. With the latest infrared surveys, the number of massive protostellar candidates has increased significantly. New studies have posed additional questions on important issues about the formation, evolution, and other phenomena related to them. Complementary to infrared data, radio observations are a good tool to study the nature of these objects, and to diagnose the formation stage. Aims. Here we study the far-infrared source IRAS 16353-4636 with the aim of understanding its nature and origin. In particular, we search for young stellar objects (YSOs), possible outflow structure, and the presence of non-thermal emission. Methods. Using high-resolution, multi-wavelength radio continuum data obtained with the Australia Telescope Compact Array , we image IRAS 16353-4636 and its environment from 1.4 to 19.6 GHz, and derive the distribution of the spectral index at maximum angular resolution. We also present new JHK s photometry and spectroscopy data obtained at ESO NTT . 13 CO and archival H i line data, and infrared databases (MSX, GLIMPSE, MIPSGal) are also inspected. Results. The radio continuum emission associated with IRAS 16353-4636 was found to be extended (∼10 arcsec), with a bow-shaped morphology above 4.8 GHz, and a strong peak persistent at all frequencies. The NIR photometry led us to identify ten near-IR sources and classify them according to their color. We used the H i line data to derive the source distance, and analyzed the kinematical information from the CO and NIR lines detected. Conclusions. We have identified the source IRAS 16353−4636 as a new protostellar cluster. In this cluster we recognized three distinct sources: a low-mass YSO, a high-mass YSO, and a mildly confined region of intense and non-thermal radio emission. We propose the latter corresponds to the terminal part of an outflow.

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The RMS survey: far-infrared photometry of young massive stars

Cited by 29 publications

References 30 publications

Characterizing precursors to stellar clusters withHerschel

Characterizing precursors to stellar clusters withHerschel

The Red MSX Source survey: the bolometric fluxes and luminosity distributions of young massive stars

Radio and IR study of the massive star-forming region IRAS 16353−4636

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