The Road Less Traveled: SARS-CoV-2 and Cell-Mediated Immunity

Morris, Kevin V.

doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.10.003

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2021

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“… 46 It is striking that in a later publication (December 2020) in which he (correctly) calls for attention to the role of cellular immunity in the defense against SARS-CoV-2, the word ADE no longer appears in the paper and positive views are given about mRNA vaccines. 47 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The “original antigenic sin” and its relevance for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) vaccination

Rijkers

Overveld

2021

Clinical Immunology Communications

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Imprinting of the specific molecular image of a given protein antigen into immunological memory is one of the hallmarks of immunity. A later contact with a related, but different antigen should not trigger the memory response (because the produced antibodies would not be effective). The preferential expansion of cross-reactive antibodies, or T-lymphocytes for that matter, by a related antigen has been termed the original antigenic sin and was first described by Thomas Francis Jr. in 1960. The phenomenon was initially described for influenza virus, but also has been found for dengue and rotavirus. The antibody dependent enhancement observed in feline coronavirus vaccination also may be related to the original antigenic sin. For a full interpretation of the effectivity of the immune response against SARS-CoV-2, as well as for the success of vaccination, the role of existing immunological memory against circulating corona viruses is reviewed and analyzed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%