The Role and Mechanism of Perilla frutescens in Cancer Treatment

Abstract

Perilla frutescens is an annual herb of the Labiatae family and is widely grown in several countries in Asia. Perilla frutescens is a plant that is used medicinally in its entirety, as seen in its subdivision into perilla seeds, perilla stalks, and perilla leaves, which vary more markedly in their chemical composition. Several studies have shown that Perilla frutescens has a variety of pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, detoxifying, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective. In the absence of a review of Perilla frutescens for the treatment of cancer. This review provides an overview of the chemical composition and molecular mechanisms of Perilla frutescens for cancer treatment. It was found that the main active components of Perilla frutescens producing cancer therapeutic effects were perilla aldehyde (PAH), rosmarinic acid (Ros A), lignan, and isoestrogen (IK). In addition to these, extracts of the leaves and fruits of Perilla frutescens are also included. Among these, perilla seed oil (PSO) has a preventive effect against colorectal cancer due to the presence of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. This review also provides new ideas and thoughts for scientific innovation and clinical applications related to Perilla frutescens.

Therapeutic Effects of Perilla Phenols in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

“…Its leaves, stems, and seeds can be used as medicine and food. These parts exhibit various pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-infection, antioxidant, detoxifying, and hepatoprotective activities [27]. Therefore, perilla has been extensively studied in the field of medicine.…”

“…Therefore, perilla has been extensively studied in the field of medicine. Many studies have investigated the anticancer activity of perilla and demonstrated its in vitro antitumor function in multiple cancers, including lung, colon, breast, and liver malignancies [27]. In this study, we explored the potential of perilla phenols for use in cancer therapy.…”

Assessing the Antioxidant Properties, In Vitro Cytotoxicity and Antitumoral Effects of Polyphenol-Rich Perilla leaves Extracts

“…Numerous types of extracts and components have been identified from this plant to date, each comprising a specific portfolio of biochemical activities and cytotoxic effects. A recent systematic review outlined 14 classes of Perilla frutescens active constituents: alkaloids phenylpropane, terpenoids, polyphenol compounds, flavonoids, anthocyanins, coumarins, carotenoids, neolignans, fatty acids, tocopherols, phytosterols, glucosides and peptides [3]. These classes reunite a plethora of compounds that have antitumoral effects by modulating various elements of the metabolic pathways or intercellular interactions such as reactive oxidative species (ROS), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), yes-associated protein/WW domain-containing transcription factor (YAP/TAZ), etc.…”

“…These classes reunite a plethora of compounds that have antitumoral effects by modulating various elements of the metabolic pathways or intercellular interactions such as reactive oxidative species (ROS), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), yes-associated protein/WW domain-containing transcription factor (YAP/TAZ), etc. [3,4].…”

Hawthorn with “homology of medicine and food”: a review of anticancer effects and mechanisms

“…These medicines offer numerous benefits, including high safety levels, minimal side effects, flexible dosage forms, good patient compliance, and the ability to target precancerous lesions (Hou and Jiang, 2013;Jiang et al, 2023;Zhong et al, 2023). Recent studies have confirmed the anticancer properties of extracts and purified bioactive monomer components present in various medicinal and edible Chinese medicines (Huang et al, 2023). When used in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs, these Chinese medicines have shown the ability to enhance drug efficacy, mitigate adverse reactions, overcome drug resistance, and notably enhance patients' quality of life (Chen G. Q. et al, 2023;Lu et al, 2023).…”