The role of 3D visualisation as an analytical tool preparatory to numerical modelling

Combining implicit geological modeling, field surveys, and hydrogeological modeling to describe groundwater flow in a karst aquifer

“…7a). This interpretation is in agreement with Reuther (1973) who also inferred the existence of such faults using soil CO 2 mapping. Junginger (2019) recently measured radon concentrations at the Ammer River in Poltringen (see central part of top-left map in Fig.…”

“…Harreß (1973) mapped karst features and springs in the study area and carried out a large number of tracer tests to evaluate the risk from potential waste-water infiltration into the Muschelkalk aquifer. Reuther (1973) examined the tectonics and stratigraphy, and mapped the major faults in the study area. Villinger (1982) analyzed the tracer-test data of Harreß (1973) and further sources (unpublished), in combination with discharge measurement at the main springs and estimates of groundwater recharge, to consistently balance the groundwater budget of the catchment.…”

Improved understanding of groundwater flow in complex superficial deposits using three-dimensional geological-framework and groundwater models: an example from Glasgow, Scotland (UK)

“…The simulated groundwater heads indicate that regional movement of groundwater is from the areas of high ground in the south and east of Glasgow towards the River Clyde, which is in agreement with previous assertions about regional groundwater flow (e.g. Robins, 1990). The model also indicates the down-valley flow of groundwater within the Quaternary Clyde Valley Aquifer which was suggested more recently (Bonsor et al 2010).…”

“…Overlying the till in many areas, and deposited by melt waters as the ice sheet retreated, are glaciofluvial sands and gravels, deltaic sands and gravels and glaciolacustrine silts and clays. The major geological units identified in the Clyde Valley are the Gourock Sand, Artimo et al (2003) The Victorian Department of Primary Industries, Australia, developed regional-scale 3D models to understand the distribution and history of mineral deposits, as well as energy and water resources Cherry et al 2011 3D geological visualisation tools were used to facilitate the development of robust and defensible conceptual groundwater models and were found to be cost effective Robins et al (2005) Geological model data were used in a MODFLOW model of a geologically complex region of north-western Switzerland near Basel Spottke et al (2005) Key Canadian aquifers were modelled by the Geological Survey of Canada, resulting in increased understanding of groundwater resources, by integrating approaches including remote sensing, geophysics, 3D geological models, and 3D numerical hydrogeological models into basin analyses Russell et al (2011a and2011b) High-resolution airborne geophysical data were integrated into local 3D hydrogeological models Thomsen (2011) (Campbell et al 2010). A summary of the lithology of these geological units is shown in Table 2.…”

Multiple data sources and integrated hydrological modelling for groundwater assessment in the Central Kalahari Basin

“…Also this advancement has enabled 3-D geological models to move from the sole use in petroleum and mining industry to geological disciplines (Royse, 2010), including hydrogeology (Gill et al, 2011). In groundwater studies, 3-D geological modelling is used to evaluate complexity of structural geological and hydrogeological subsurface heterogeneity, which is generally the basis for any HCM and therefore a very important step towards building a numerical distributed groundwater flow models (Bredehoeft, 2002;Robins et al, 2005;Tam et al, 2014). The 3-D geological models also assist in providing a check on the logic of the hydrogeological conceptualization (Gill et al, 2011), especially important in areas with high hydrogeological heterogeneity (Tam et al, 2014).…”