The Role of a Novel Arterial Stiffness Parameter, Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI), as a Surrogate Marker for Cardiovascular Diseases

Saiki, Atsuhito; Sato, Yuta; Watanabe, Ryoji; Watanabe, Yasuhiro; Imamura, Hajime; Yamaguchi, Takashi; Ban, Noriko; Kawana, Hidetoshi; Nagumo, Ayako; Nagayama, Daiji; Ohira, Masahiro; Endo, Kei; Tatsuno, Ichiro

doi:10.5551/jat.32797

Cited by 90 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…CAVI is increased in individuals with risk factors for CVD such as current smoking, 17) metabolic syndrome, 18) diabetes, 19) and dyslipidemia. 20) Saiki, et al 21) reported that CAVI increased with an increase in the number of risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Moreover, CAVI has been shown to decrease following various interventions to reduce coronary risks, including some medications for metabolic disorders, 22,23) weight reduction, 24) and smoking cessation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resveratrol Ameliorates Arterial Stiffness Assessed by Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

et al. 2017

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SummaryResveratrol has been reported to have potent anti-atherosclerotic effects in animal studies. However, there are few interventional studies in human patients with atherosclerogenic diseases. The cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) reflects arterial stiffness and is a clinical surrogate marker of atherosclerosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of resveratrol on arterial stiffness assessed by CAVI in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study, 50 patients with T2DM received supplement of a 100-mg resveratrol tablet (total resveratrol: oligo-stilbene 27.97 mg/100 mg/day) or placebo daily for 12 weeks. CAVI was assessed at baseline and the end of study. Body weight (BW), blood pressure (BP), glucose and lipid metabolic parameters, and diacron-reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs; an oxidative stress marker) were also measured.Resveratrol supplementation decreased systolic BP (-5.5 ± 13.0 mmHg), d-ROMs (-25.6 ± 41.8 U.CARR), and CAVI (-0.4 ± 0.7) significantly (P < 0.05) and decreased BW (-0.8 ± 2.1 kg, P = 0.083) and body mass index (-0.5 ± 0.8 kg/m 2 , P = 0.092) slightly compared to baseline, while there were no significant changes in the placebo group. Decreases in CAVI and d-ROMs were significantly greater in the resveratrol group than in the placebo group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified resveratrol supplementation as an independent predictor for a CAVI decrease of more than 0.5.In conclusion, 12-week resveratrol supplementation may improve arterial stiffness and reduce oxidative stress in patients with T2DM. Resveratrol may be beneficial in preventing the development of atherosclerosis induced by diabetes. However, a large-scale cohort study is required to validate the present findings. (Int Heart J 2017; 58: 577-583)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resveratrol Ameliorates Arterial Stiffness Assessed by Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

et al. 2017

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“…As emphasised by Segers [35], the order of magnitude of our simulated effect is equal to the differences found in some intervention studies that use CAVI as an arterial stiffness measure [36]. This indicates the importance of being aware of this theoretical blood pressure dependence, as CAVI is increasingly being used to assess blood pressure-independent effects on arterial stiffness [22,23,24,25,26]. …”

Section: Option 1: Converting Pwv Into Blood Pressure-independent Meamentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Although named “cardio-ankle,” the CAVI formula can equally well be applied to any PWV measurement in pulsatile pressure vessels, including the carotid-femoral PWV [21]. For a comprehensive overview of CAVI literature, the reader is referred to the reviews by Asmar [22], Shirai et al [23,24], Saiki et al [25], and Miyoshi and Ito [26]. …”

Section: Option 1: Converting Pwv Into Blood Pressure-independent Meamentioning

confidence: 99%

Options for Dealing with Pressure Dependence of Pulse Wave Velocity as a Measure of Arterial Stiffness: An Update of Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI) and CAVI0

Spronck

Delhaas

Butlin

et al. 2017

Pulse

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Pulse wave velocity (PWV), a marker of arterial stiffness, is known to change instantaneously with changes in blood pressure. In this mini-review, we discuss two main approaches for handling the blood pressure dependence of PWV: (1) converting PWV into a pressure-independent index, and (2) correcting PWV per se for the pressure dependence. Under option 1, we focus on cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI). CAVI is essentially a form of stiffness index β - CAVI is estimated for a (heart-to-ankle) trajectory, whereas β is estimated for a single artery from pressure and diameter measurements. Stiffness index β, and therefore also CAVI, have been shown to theoretically exhibit a slight residual blood pressure dependence due to the use of diastolic blood pressure instead of a fixed reference blood pressure. Additionally, CAVI exhibits pressure dependence due to the use of an estimated derivative of the pressure-diameter relationship. In this mini-review, we will address CAVI's blood pressure dependence theoretically, but also statistically. Furthermore, we review corrected indices (CAVI₀ and β₀) that theoretically do not show a residual blood pressure dependence. Under option 2, three ways of correcting PWV are reviewed: (1) using an exponential relationship between pressure and cross-sectional area, (2) by statistical model adjustment, and (3) through reference values or rule of thumb. Method 2 requires a population to be studied to characterise the statistical model, and method 3 requires a representative reference study. Given these limitations, method 1 seems preferable for correcting PWV per se for its blood pressure dependence. In summary, several options are available to handle the blood pressure dependence of PWV. If a blood pressure-independent index is sought, CAVI₀ is theoretically preferable over CAVI. If correcting PWV per se is required, using an exponential pressure-area relationship provides the user with a method to correct PWV on an individual basis.

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“…In contrast to PWV that essentially depends on the blood pressure at the time of measurement, CAVI is unaffected. Therefore, CAVI may be a good marker for arterial stiffness, reflecting coronary risk control, including hypertension treatment 12) . Patients with dyslipidemia have increased CAVI values than healthy individuals 13) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Collagen Tripeptide on Atherosclerosis in Healthy Humans

Tomosugi

Yamamoto

Takeuchi

et al. 2017

J Atheroscler Thromb

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Aim: Collagen tripeptide (CTP) is a functional food with a high content of Gly-X-Y tripeptides derived from collagen. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of CTP administration on the development of atherosclerosis in healthy individuals.Methods: The present study was conducted in the form of an open-label, single-dose trial for 6 months. All subjects ingested CTP twice daily: at breakfast and supper (total intake per day: 16 g). The effect of CTP on atherosclerosis was verified by measuring several indices, including serum lipid levels, toxic advanced glycation end-products (TAGE), and the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), at baseline and 6 months.Results: The low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (LDL-C/HDL-C ratio) was significantly reduced in patients with an initial ratio of ≥ 2.5 (p = 0.025). A significant reduction in TAGE was observed in all the subjects (p = 0.031) and in the high-risk group (p = 0.024). A significant reduction in CAVI was observed in all the subjects (right side: p = 0.048, left side: p = 0.047). As a result of multiple regression analysis, a significant relationship between the change in CAVI and that in each factor was not observed. No adverse events were observed during the study period.Conclusions: The results of the present study indicate that CTP contributes to the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis in healthy humans (UMIN000018525).

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The Role of a Novel Arterial Stiffness Parameter, Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI), as a Surrogate Marker for Cardiovascular Diseases

Cited by 90 publications

References 75 publications

Resveratrol Ameliorates Arterial Stiffness Assessed by Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Resveratrol Ameliorates Arterial Stiffness Assessed by Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Options for Dealing with Pressure Dependence of Pulse Wave Velocity as a Measure of Arterial Stiffness: An Update of Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI) and CAVI0

Effect of Collagen Tripeptide on Atherosclerosis in Healthy Humans

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