The role of adaptive strategies in plant naturalization

Guo, Wen‐Yong; Kleunen, Mark van; Winter, Marten; Weigelt, Patrick; Stein, Anke; Pierce, Simon; Pergl, Jan; Moser, Dietmar; Maurel, Noëlie; Lenzner, Bernd; Kreft, Holger; Essl, Franz; Dawson, Wayne; Pyšek, Petr

doi:10.1111/ele.13104

Cited by 88 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…In a previous study, plants with particular adaptive strategies (in terms of C‐, S‐ and R‐scores) were shown to differ in their naturalization likelihood, with competitors and ruderals more likely to become naturalized than stress‐tolerators (Guo et al, ). However, whether this was because of differences in the intrinsic capacity of C‐, S‐ and R‐selected species to establish in new regions, or mediated through other factors such as introduction effort, remained unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We expanded this dataset by including species from the recently published China Plant Trait Database (Wang et al, ), which contains measurements of the three traits (SLA, LA, LDMC) required for calculating C‐, S‐ and R‐scores (Wang et al, ). Of the 1,215 species in the China Plant Trait Database, 790 were not included in the Guo et al () CSR dataset. We calculated the C‐, S‐ and R‐scores for these 790 species based on the methods and CSR calculator tool ‘StrateFy’ of Pierce et al (; available at: https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1365‐2435https://.12722) and combined the two species lists, resulting in a CSR dataset of 3,794 species.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the trade‐off between resource‐capture and investment traits; Wright et al, ; Onoda et al, ) and the plant size gradient that together form the global spectrum of plant form and function (Díaz et al, ). Recently, Guo et al () found that plants exhibiting relatively high degrees of R‐ and C‐selection are positively associated with the likelihood of becoming naturalized, while S‐selection is negatively associated. Grime’s CSR adaptive strategies [i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Domestic gardens play a dominant role in selecting alien species with adaptive strategies that facilitate naturalization

Guo

Kleunen

Pierce

et al. 2019

Global Ecol Biogeogr

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Aim Horticulture has been recognized as the main pathway of plant invasions worldwide. The selection of ornamental garden plants is not random, and certain plant characteristics related to adaptive plant strategies are preferred by horticulture and may promote invasion. We examined the direct and indirect interactions between horticultural use, species adaptive strategies (competitive (C), stress‐tolerant (S), and ruderal (R)), native range size and naturalization success. Location Global. Time period From 1492 to the present. Major taxa studied Vascular plants. Methods We compiled a dataset of 3,794 plant species including their C‐, S‐ and R‐scores, native range size, cultivation in botanic and domestic gardens and whether the species is naturalized in at least one region globally (naturalization incidence). For the 1,711 naturalized species, we also calculated naturalization extent, that is, the number of regions where the species has naturalized. We used phylogenetic path analysis to disentangle the direct and indirect effects of all variables on both naturalization incidence and extent, and the relationships between variables. Results Approximately 87 and 94% of the 1,711 naturalized species were cultivated in botanic or domestic gardens, respectively, compared to c. 55 and 50% of the 2,083 non‐naturalized species, respectively. We found a cascading structure among the examined variables: (a) species exhibiting C‐ or R‐selected strategies and having large native ranges tended to be cultivated in domestic and botanic gardens, became naturalized outside their native ranges and occupied more regions in their naturalized ranges; (b) C‐, S‐ and R‐scores also had indirect effects on naturalization success, which were mediated by horticultural use and native range size; and (c) cultivation in domestic gardens was the strongest factor examined that could explain plant species’ naturalization success. Main conclusions We show that horticulture is not only the major introduction pathway of alien plants, but also that in particular domestic gardens select species predisposed to invade and naturalize.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Domestic gardens play a dominant role in selecting alien species with adaptive strategies that facilitate naturalization

Guo

Kleunen

Pierce

et al. 2019

Global Ecol Biogeogr

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“…The database includes 482 mainland regions and 361 islands (van Kleunen et al 2015a. Specifically, we determined (1) whether a species is capable of naturalization and hence is included in the GloNAF database (naturalization incidence), and for those that are, (2) in how many regions they occur (naturalization extent; as in Razanajatovo et al 2016, Guo et al 2018, Fenesi et al 2019). To be included in GloNAF, a species needs to be reported as naturalized (according to criteria of Richardson et al 2000b, Blackburn et al 2011) in at least one region of the world.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the effects of mycorrhizal associations on plant naturalization and invasion success at the global scale are still largely unknown. GloNAF includes data on naturalized plant species in both mainland and island regions, and has been used to study various aspects of plant invasions at a global scale, providing robust tests of multiple invasion concepts and hypotheses (Seebens et al 2015, Razanajatovo et al 2016, Guo et al 2018, Py sek et al 2019. GloNAF includes data on naturalized plant species in both mainland and island regions, and has been used to study various aspects of plant invasions at a global scale, providing robust tests of multiple invasion concepts and hypotheses (Seebens et al 2015, Razanajatovo et al 2016, Guo et al 2018, Py sek et al 2019.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facultative mycorrhizal associations promote plant naturalization worldwide

et al. 2019

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Mycorrhizal symbiosis has received relatively little attention as a mechanism explaining plant naturalizations at a global scale. Here, we combined data on vascular plant species occurrences in over 840 mainland and island regions from the Global Naturalized Alien Flora (GloNAF) database with up-to-date databases of mycorrhizal associations. We tested whether the mycorrhizal type (arbuscular, AM; ectomycorrhizal, ECM; and non-mycorrhizal, NM) and status (facultative and obligate) were associated with two measures of naturalization success, (1) naturalization incidence (reflecting the ability to naturalize, and expressed as whether or not a plant species is recorded as naturalized anywhere in the world) and (2) naturalization extent (expressed as the number of GloNAF regions where the species occurs). In total, we found information on mycorrhizal type and status for 3211 naturalized plant species and 4200 non-naturalized plant species. Mycorrhizal plant species, both AM and ECM, were more likely to be naturalized and naturalized to a greater extent than NM plants. The effect of being an AM species was always stronger, with AM species having a greater naturalization extent than ECM species. Being the same mycorrhizal type or status, annual species were generally more likely to be naturalized than perennials. Species with facultative mycorrhizal associations were more successful than those with obligate mycorrhizal associations, but both groups tended to have a greater chance of being naturalized than NM species. These results indicate that being NM is generally less favorable for naturalization. Overall, our results confirm, at the global scale, those of regional studies that facultative association with AM provides plant species with a naturalization advantage. For the first time, we have shown that being mycorrhizal contributes not only to the size of the naturalized range, reflecting the ability to spread, but also to the ability to become naturalized in the first instance.

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Woody invaders are more highly colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi than congeneric native species

Lamit

Giovati

et al. 2022

American J of Botany

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Premise: Invasive species tend to possess acquisitive plant traits that support fast growth and strong competitive ability. However, the relevance of symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to the fast growing, acquisitive strategy of invasive species is still unclear. Methods: We measured AMF colonization in roots of five congeneric pairs of invasive and native eastern North American woody species (10 species total; 4 lianas, 6 shrubs) that were grown in a monoculture common garden experiment in Syracuse, NY. We then examined the relationships of AMF colonization to above and belowground traits of these species. Results: Total AMF colonization and arbuscule colonization were greater in invasive compared to native woody species, a pattern that was more distinct in congeneric shrubs than congeneric lianas. The level of AMF colonization was also positively correlated with traits indicative of rapid plant growth and nutrient uptake. Conclusions: The concordance of a resource-acquisitive strategy with higher AMF colonization suggests that symbioses with AMF may be part of the strategy by which invasive woody plants of eastern North America are able to maintain fast growth rates and outcompete their native counterparts.

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The role of adaptive strategies in plant naturalization

Cited by 88 publications

References 82 publications

Domestic gardens play a dominant role in selecting alien species with adaptive strategies that facilitate naturalization

Domestic gardens play a dominant role in selecting alien species with adaptive strategies that facilitate naturalization

Facultative mycorrhizal associations promote plant naturalization worldwide

Woody invaders are more highly colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi than congeneric native species

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