The role of additive manufacturing and antimicrobial polymers in the COVID-19 pandemic

Zúñiga, Jorge M.; Cortes, Aaron

doi:10.1080/17434440.2020.1756771

Cited by 97 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…New fiber or fabric manufacturing techniques such as electrospinning and additive manufacturing could also be explored for making protective clothing with improved comfort and effective protections from pathogens. 171 , 236 , 237 …”

Section: Future Directions and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Personal Protective Clothing for Healthcare Applications: A Review

Karim

Afroj

Lloyd³

et al. 2020

ACS Nano

340

232

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Personal protective equipment (PPE) is critical to protect healthcare workers (HCWs) from highly infectious diseases such as COVID-19. However, hospitals have been at risk of running out of the safe and effective PPE including personal protective clothing needed to treat patients with COVID-19, due to unprecedented global demand. In addition, there are only limited manufacturing facilities of such clothing available worldwide, due to a lack of available knowledge about relevant technologies, ineffective supply chains, and stringent regulatory requirements. Therefore, there remains a clear unmet need for coordinating the actions and efforts from scientists, engineers, manufacturers, suppliers, and regulatory bodies to develop and produce safe and effective protective clothing using the technologies that are locally available around the world. In this review, we discuss currently used PPE, their quality, and the associated regulatory standards. We survey the current state-of-the-art antimicrobial functional finishes on fabrics to protect the wearer against viruses and bacteria and provide an overview of protective medical fabric manufacturing techniques, their supply chains, and the environmental impacts of current single-use synthetic fiber-based protective clothing. Finally, we discuss future research directions, which include increasing efficiency, safety, and availability of personal protective clothing worldwide without conferring environmental problems.

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Section: Future Directions and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Personal Protective Clothing for Healthcare Applications: A Review

Karim

Afroj

Lloyd³

et al. 2020

ACS Nano

340

232

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Another advantage of PLA is that it is non-toxic and biodegradable, as it is derived from natural sources such as corn and tapioca. However, the suitability of PLA to viral specimens for polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based diagnostics has not been established (8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Cost Polyester-Tipped Three-Dimensionally Printed Nasopharyngeal Swab for the Detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Related Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)

et al. 2020

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Case identification, isolation and contact tracing are fundamental strategies used to control the spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). This has led to widespread testing that resulted in the interruption of the supply chain for testing materials around the world. A prospective study was conducted to compare cheap and easily sourced 3-dimensionally printed polylactic acid and polyester nasopharyngeal swabs to commercially manufactured swabs, in detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). During the study period, 287 laboratory-confirmed hospitalized COVID-19 patients, at multiple stages of their illness, were enrolled. The median age for the study population was 47.6 years (IQR: 34.4-56.6 years) and two-thirds (67.6%) of the subjects were male. The median duration of hospitalization, at the time of sampling, was 13 days (IQR 10-16 days). Overall concordance between the prototype and control swabs was 80.8% (Cohen's kappa coefficient = 0.61). Most discrepant results were due to prototype-positive control-negative results. When considering all positive results to be true positives, the prototype swab had a higher sensitivity (90.6% vs 80.8%, 95%CI 85.7-94.0% and 74.7-85.7%, respectively, p < 0.015). The cost to produce the prototype swab was estimated to be 0.05 USD per swab. Polylactic acid 3D-printed polyester-tipped swabs were shown to be effective for nasopharyngeal sample collection. We believe that this design can easily be adopted in countries where commercial swabs are not readily available and can play a vital role in public health efforts for disease control in low-income countries.

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“…3D printed antimicrobial thermoplastic nanocomposites have ample application potential in the medical and healthcare fields, as they can provide an on-demand support for the customization and personalization of medical devices (Zuniga and Cortes, 2020). Specifically, they are very attractive for surgical prosthesis since some of the thermoplastics (e.g., PLA, PCL) have been extensively studied for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine application ( Table 1).…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, there are many possible application areas yet to be studied using 3D printed nanocomposites, particularly considering their capacity to tailor the product design on a personal level (Ishack and Lipner, 2020). Specifically, there is a lot of potential for developing personal protective equipment, including masks, ventilators tubes, gloves, which could be especially important during the current global pandemic (Zuniga and Cortes, 2020).…”

Section: Challenges and Future Scopementioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printing of Metal/Metal Oxide Incorporated Thermoplastic Nanocomposites With Antimicrobial Properties

Abudula

Qurban

Bolarinwa

et al. 2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Three-dimensional (3D) printing has experienced a steady increase in popularity for direct manufacturing, where complex geometric items can be produced without the aid of templating tools, and manufacturing waste can be remarkably reduced. While customized medical devices and daily life items can be made by 3D printing of thermoplastics, microbial contamination has been a serious obstacle during their usage. A very clever approaches to overcome this challenge is to incorporate antimicrobial metal or metal oxide (M/MO) nanoparticles within the thermoplastics during or prior to 3D printing. Many M/MO nanoparticles can prevent contamination from a wide range of microorganism, including antibiotic-resistant bacteria via various antimicrobial mechanisms. Additionally, they can be easily printed with thermoplastic without losing their integrity and functionality. In this mini review, we summarize recent advancements and discuss future trends related to the development of 3D printed antimicrobial thermoplastic nanocomposites by addition of M/MO nanoparticles.

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The role of additive manufacturing and antimicrobial polymers in the COVID-19 pandemic

Cited by 97 publications

References 12 publications

Sustainable Personal Protective Clothing for Healthcare Applications: A Review

Sustainable Personal Protective Clothing for Healthcare Applications: A Review

Low-Cost Polyester-Tipped Three-Dimensionally Printed Nasopharyngeal Swab for the Detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Related Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)

3D Printing of Metal/Metal Oxide Incorporated Thermoplastic Nanocomposites With Antimicrobial Properties

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