The role of alcohol and drugs in homicides in England and Wales

Shaw, Jenny; Hunt, Isabelle M.; Flynn, Sandra; Amos, Tim; Meehan, Jeffrey C.; Robinson, Jo; Bickley, Harriet; Parsons, Rebecca; McCann, Kerry; Burns, James; Kapur, Nav; Appleby, Louis

doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01483.x

Cited by 73 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Episodes of alcohol abuse are also associated with higher risks of violent acts, including murder, sexual offenses and family violence (Rehm et al, 1999). In England, a study showed that 42% of homicides between 1996 and 1999 involved the use of alcohol and illicit drug use by the perpetrator and/or victim (Shaw et al, 2006).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk of potentially adverse drug interactions in the treatment of acute alcohol poisoning

Andrade

Rocha

Maciel

et al. 2016

Braz. J. Pharm. Sci.

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The aim of this paper is to determine the profile of acute alcohol poisoning and to estimate the risk of potentially adverse drug interactions (ADIs) in patients intoxicated by alcohol when attended in emergency care at hospital. A descriptive serial cross-sectional study was performed with 4,271 individuals intoxicated by alcohol, from January 2009 to July 2011. Possible correlations were measured by Pearson's chi-square test. The data show high consumption in the population, especially in males between 25 and 59 years. The main circumstances for poisoning were alcohol misuse (96.3%). After treatment complete recovery from the signs or symptoms of the poisoning was observed in 96.88% cases; and death in 0.70%. The demonstration of potential risk for ADIs in medical care included 300 medical records which contained a history of acute alcohol poisoning. Possible drug-drug interactions (44.2%) and drug-alcohol interactions (55.8%) were demonstrated in 60.60% of analyzed medical records. Among these cases, 3%, 92.4% and 4.6% were classified as mild, moderate and severe, respectively. The measurement of ADIs aims to prevent clinical complications in medical care for alcohol misuse disorders.Uniterms: Alcoholic intoxication. Emergency Medical Services. Risk Management. Medicines/adverse interactions/risk control. Medicines/alcohol interactions/risk control. O objetivo deste trabalho foi definir o perfil de intoxicação alcoólica aguda e estimar o risco de interações medicamentosas adversas (IMAs) potenciais em pacientes com intoxicação alcoólica atendidos na emergência hospitalar. Um estudo descritivo, serial, de corte transversal foi realizado com 4.271 indivíduos com intoxicação alcoólica, de janeiro 2009 a julho 2011. Correlações foram medidas pelo teste qui-quadrado. Os dados mostram alto consumo na população estudada, especialmente em homens de 25 a 59 anos. A principal circunstância de intoxicação foi o abuso (96,3%). Após tratamento, cura foi observada em 96,88% dos casos e morte em 0,7%. O risco de IMAs potenciais no atendimento médico incluiu 300 prontuários médicos com histórico de intoxicação alcoólica aguda. Possíveis interações medicamentosas (44,2%) e interações fármaco-álcool (55,8%) foram observadas em 60,6% dos prontuários analisados. Entre elas, 3%, 92,4% e 4,6% foram classificadas como leve, moderada e grave, respectivamente. A medição das IMAs visa a prevenir complicações clínicas no atendimento dos agravos devido ao abuso de álcool.Unitermos: Intoxicação alcoólica. Serviços Médicos de Emergência. Medicamentos/interações adversas/ controle de risco. Medicamentos/interação com álcool/controle de risco.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk of potentially adverse drug interactions in the treatment of acute alcohol poisoning

Andrade

Rocha

Maciel

et al. 2016

Braz. J. Pharm. Sci.

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“…En este sentido, se podría argumentar de manera muy elemental que tales variables (1) sí pueden producir características o cualidades originales o mayoritarias en ciertos grupos de individuos, por ejemplo, sobre patrones conductuales o expectativas de vida que, a su vez, pueden (2) generar comportamientos, identidades y reacciones diferentes en situaciones similares. El estado psicofísico sí se puede considerar de manera relativamente directa como un correlativo de la personalidad, puesto que el estado de intoxicación reduce los niveles de autocontrol del individuo y modifica tales comportamientos y reacciones (Vilalta, 2010;Shaw et al, 2006;Leri et al, 2003;Makkai, y Payne, 2003).…”

Section: Actividad Policialunclassified

“…• 173 1997199819992000200120022004200520062007200820092010 Fuente: Elaboración propia con base en las Estadísticas judiciales en materia penal (inegi).…”

Section: Fuente: Elaboración Propia Con Base En Las Estadísticas Judiunclassified

¿Quiénes son los sentenciados por homicidio intencional en México?

Vilalta

2015

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Carlos Vilalta* ResumenSe presenta un perfil preliminar del homicida intencional en México. De esta forma se dan los primeros pasos empíricos en la construcción de un conocimiento sistemático y comparativo del delincuente violento. Se comparó al total de condenados por homicidio intencional frente al total de condenados por otros delitos federales intencionales entre 1997 y 2010. Se encontró que el total de sentenciados por este delito en el fuero federal es muy reducido, su número varía mucho entre años y cada vez es proporcionalmente menor frente a los sentenciados por otros delitos intencionales. También se encontró que cerca de un tercio cometió su delito fuera del país, principalmente en los Estados Unidos. Finalmente, se encontraron proporciones significativamente mayores de sentenciados casados, con grados universitarios y ocupados como profesionistas entre los homicidas intencionales. AbstractWe present a preliminary profile of the murderer in Mexico. This is the first step in constructing an empirical knowledge and systematic base for the comparative study of violent offenders in the Latin American region. The total number of federal convicts for murder was compared with the total number of convicts for other intentional crimes between 1997 and 2010. The study found that the total number of federal convicts for murder is comparatively small, highly varying and becoming less over time. About one third committed their crime overseas, mostly in the United States. Also, significantly higher proportions of married, college degrees, and professionals were found among convicts for murder.Palabras clave: homicidio, delito, estadística delictiva, México.

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“…From the societal perspective, the role of substances in the perpetration of violence is equally salient. As with victims, more than half of homicide offenders have psychoactive substances present in their blood at the time of their offence [7,8]. This is not surprising, as in many cases the offender and victims are known to each other as drinking partners, drug user/dealers or through domestic relationships.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, the distinction between an intoxicated offender and an intoxicated victim in such situations may owe more to happenstance than to anything else. Alcohol, reflecting the epidemiology of its use, is by far the most common substance detected among both offenders and victims, with psychostimulants, opioids and cannabis seen in substantial proportions [4,5,7,8].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%