The role of animal feeding trials for the nutritional
and safety assessment of feeds from genetically
modified plants – Present stage and future
challenges

Flachowsky, Gerhard; Wenk, C.

doi:10.22358/jafs/66278/2010

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…A critical review of the other published studies where change(s) in some parameters are reported to result from GE feed also reveal deviations from standard protocols [ 14 , 15 , 79 ]. These include control feed that was not derived from near isogenic lines, insufficient animal numbers for statistical power, over interpretation of differences which lie within the normal range of variation and hence are not biologically significant, and/or poor toxicological interpretation of the data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The scientific question being addressed by feeding studies should be well-established before designing the study [ 79 ]. Designing experiments to test for intended effects is relatively straightforward.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Animal feeding studies may be needed to assess the bioavailability and/or digestibility of nutrients, and the efficacy of nutrient uptake from second generation GE crops [ 79 , 109 ]. It should be noted that target animal feeding studies to measure these parameters are not required prior to the release of new crop cultivars developed by traditional breeding, although they may be voluntarily conducted by developers to gauge animal performance on the new variety.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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GMOs in animal agriculture: time to consider both costs and benefits in regulatory evaluations

Eenennaam

2013

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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In 2012, genetically engineered (GE) crops were grown by 17.3 million farmers on over 170 million hectares. Over 70% of harvested GE biomass is fed to food producing animals, making them the major consumers of GE crops for the past 15 plus years. Prior to commercialization, GE crops go through an extensive regulatory evaluation. Over one hundred regulatory submissions have shown compositional equivalence, and comparable levels of safety, between GE crops and their conventional counterparts. One component of regulatory compliance is whole GE food/feed animal feeding studies. Both regulatory studies and independent peer-reviewed studies have shown that GE crops can be safely used in animal feed, and rDNA fragments have never been detected in products (e.g. milk, meat, eggs) derived from animals that consumed GE feed. Despite the fact that the scientific weight of evidence from these hundreds of studies have not revealed unique risks associated with GE feed, some groups are calling for more animal feeding studies, including long-term rodent studies and studies in target livestock species for the approval of GE crops. It is an opportune time to review the results of such studies as have been done to date to evaluate the value of the additional information obtained. Requiring long-term and target animal feeding studies would sharply increase regulatory compliance costs and prolong the regulatory process associated with the commercialization of GE crops. Such costs may impede the development of feed crops with enhanced nutritional characteristics and durability, particularly in the local varieties in small and poor developing countries. More generally it is time for regulatory evaluations to more explicitly consider both the reasonable and unique risks and benefits associated with the use of both GE plants and animals in agricultural systems, and weigh them against those associated with existing systems, and those of regulatory inaction. This would represent a shift away from a GE evaluation process that currently focuses only on risk assessment and identifying ever diminishing marginal hazards, to a regulatory approach that more objectively evaluates and communicates the likely impact of approving a new GE plant or animal on agricultural production systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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GMOs in animal agriculture: time to consider both costs and benefits in regulatory evaluations

Eenennaam

2013

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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“…Plant breeding can be considered as the starting point of the food chain all over the world [3][4][5][6][7][8], as shown in the simple food chain model in Figure 1. Traditional breeding, as well as "green" biotechnology or green chemistry [9], may result in changing of composition and nutritive value of feed plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges for Plant Breeders from the View of Animal Nutrition

Flachowsky

Meyer

2015

Agriculture

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Abstract:The question of how to feed the growing world population is very old, but because of the increase of population and possible climate change, currently it has an explosive impact. Plant breeding can be considered as the starting point for the whole human food chain. Therefore, high, stable and highly digestible yields of phytogenic biomass with low external inputs of non-renewable resources, such as water, fuel, arable land, fertilizers, etc.; low emissions of gases with greenhouse potential during cultivation; and high resistance against biotic and abiotic stressors, including adaptation to potential climate change, and a low concentration of undesirable substances in the plants are real challenges for plant breeders in the future. Virtually unlimited resources such as sunlight, nitrogen and carbon dioxide from the air as well as the genetic pool of microbes, plants and animals can be used to breed/develop optimal plants/crops. Biofortification of plants may also be an objective of plants breeders, but it is more important for human nutrition to avoid micronutrient deficiencies. A lower concentration of undesirable substances in the plants can be considered as more important than higher concentrations of micronutrients in plants/feeds. Animal nutritionists have various possibilities for feed additive supplementation to meet animal nutrient requirements. Examples to reduce undesirable substances in feed plants are discussed and shown in the paper. In summary, plant breeding has a large and strategic potential for global feed and food security. All breeding technologies may contribute to solving important global challenges, such as sustainable use of limited global resources, improved use of unlimited resources, adaption to climate change and lowering global greenhouse gas emission. More publically supported research seems to be necessary OPEN ACCESSAgriculture 2015, 5 1253 in this field. All methods of plant breeding that contribute to a more resource-efficient production of high and stable yields of available biomass should be used/combined.

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Food Safety, Genetically Engineered Foods and Perception

Powell

2011

Comprehensive Biotechnology

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The role of animal feeding trials for the nutritional and safety assessment of feeds from genetically modified plants – Present stage and future challenges

Cited by 5 publications

References 37 publications

GMOs in animal agriculture: time to consider both costs and benefits in regulatory evaluations

GMOs in animal agriculture: time to consider both costs and benefits in regulatory evaluations

Challenges for Plant Breeders from the View of Animal Nutrition

Food Safety, Genetically Engineered Foods and Perception

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