The role of “anti-inflammatory” cytokines in axon regeneration

Vidal, Pía M.; Lemmens, Evi; Dooley, Dearbhaile; Hendrix, Sven

doi:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2012.08.008

Cited by 93 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 145 publications

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“…17 The direct and indirect role of anti-inflammatory cytokines in nerve regeneration with different effects are also reported. 37 The results of the present study showed further improvement of nerve regeneration of animals in the c-MVs and antiMVs groups compared with the pro-MVs group. Meanwhile, faster improvement of nerve regeneration occurred in animals that received MVs derived from polarized cells by TLR3 agonist (anti-inflammatory phenotype).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

The mesenchymal stem cell–derived microvesicles enhance sciatic nerve regeneration in rat

Raisi

Azizi

Delirezh

et al. 2014

Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

The mesenchymal stem cell–derived microvesicles enhance sciatic nerve regeneration in rat

Raisi

Azizi

Delirezh

et al. 2014

Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery

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“…IL-4 and IL-10 are prototypical anti-inflammatory cytokines that modulate expression of proinflammatory cytokines and have pivotal importance in axon plasticity and outgrowth [31]. IL-4 modulates macrophage activity through globally suppressing proinflammatory cytokines, but nothing is known about its upregulation in activated Schwann cells distal to nerve injury.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory Profiling of Schwann Cells in Contact with Growing Axons Distal to Nerve Injury

Dubový

Klusáková

Svíženská

2014

BioMed Research International

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Activated Schwann cells distal to nerve injury upregulate inflammatory mediators, including cytokines. The goal of the present study was to investigate expression of proinflammatory (IL-1β, TNFα) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10) in activated Schwann cells in relation to growing axons distal to crush injury of rat sciatic nerves. Seven days from sciatic nerve crush, transverse cryostat sections were cut 5 mm distal to lesion and incubated for double immunostaining to indicate Schwann cells (GFAP or S100b) and individual investigated cytokines or to demonstrate growing axons (GAP43). The Schwann cells of naïve sciatic nerves and those removed from sham-operated rats displayed similar weak immunoreactivity for the investigated cytokines. In contrast, increased intensity of cytokine immunofluorescence was found in Schwann cells distal to crush lesion. The cytokine-positive Schwann cells were found in close contact with growing axons detected by immunostaining for GAP43. The results of immunohistochemical analysis distal to nerve crush injury suggest that inflammatory profiling of Schwann cells including upregulation of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines does not prevent growth of axons distal to nerve crush injury.

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“…A growing list of molecules have been identified that directly or indirectly participate in inflammation-mediated axonal repair, including chemokines, "anti-inflammatory" cytokines, growth factors, and the calcium-binding protein oncomodulin (4,6,37,38). Thus, it appears likely that multiple factors participate in β-glucan-elicited RGC axon regeneration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroinflammation triggered by β-glucan/dectin-1 signaling enables CNS axon regeneration

Baldwin¹,

Carbajal

Segal

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

127

100

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Innate immunity can facilitate nervous system regeneration, yet the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Here we show that intraocular injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial cell wall component, or the fungal cell wall extract zymosan both lead to rapid and comparable intravitreal accumulation of blood-derived myeloid cells. However, when combined with retro-orbital optic nerve crush injury, lengthy growth of severed retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons occurs only in zymosan-injected mice, and not in LPS-injected mice. In mice deficient for the pattern recognition receptor dectin-1 but not Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2), zymosan-mediated RGC regeneration is greatly reduced. The combined loss of dectin-1 and TLR2 completely blocks the proregenerative effects of zymosan. In the retina, dectin-1 is expressed by microglia and dendritic cells, but not by RGCs. Dectin-1 is also present on blood-derived myeloid cells that accumulate in the vitreous. /WT reciprocal bone marrow chimeric mice revealed a requirement for dectin-1 in both retina-resident immune cells and bone marrowderived cells for β(1, 3)-glucan-elicited optic nerve regeneration. Collectively, these studies identify a molecular framework of how innate immunity enables repair of injured central nervous system neurons.neuroinflammation | optic nerve | regeneration | dectin-1 | mouse

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The role of “anti-inflammatory” cytokines in axon regeneration

Cited by 93 publications

References 145 publications

The mesenchymal stem cell–derived microvesicles enhance sciatic nerve regeneration in rat

The mesenchymal stem cell–derived microvesicles enhance sciatic nerve regeneration in rat

Inflammatory Profiling of Schwann Cells in Contact with Growing Axons Distal to Nerve Injury

Neuroinflammation triggered by β-glucan/dectin-1 signaling enables CNS axon regeneration

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