The Role of Antimicrobial Peptides in Preterm Birth

Son, Ga Hyun; Lee, Jaejun; Kim, Youngmi; Lee, Keun-Young

doi:10.3390/ijms22168905

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 130 publications

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“…It is generally accepted that if the gestational week is too early to exclude fetal abnormalities and because the placenta is not yet stable, surgery at this time can trigger abortion due to surgical stimulation [ 15 ]. If the gestational week is too late, the uterus is significantly enlarged, the uterine body rises into the abdominal cavity, and the cervix is elevated and shortened, which increases the risk of surgery and may cause premature rupture of membranes or contractions [ 16 ]. It has been reported [ 17 ] that the use of prophylactic cervical cerclage (i.e., treatment with cervical cerclage at 14 to 18 weeks of pregnancy) significantly improves the success rate of the procedure and can effectively reduce intraoperative bleeding and shorten the length of hospital stay.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Timing of Cervical Cerclage Treatment in Pregnant Women with Cervical Insufficiency and the Effect on Pregnancy Outcome

Zhao

2022

Emergency Medicine International

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Purpose. To analyze the effect of the choice of timing of cervical cerclage treatment on pregnancy outcome in pregnant women with cervical insufficiency (CI). Methods. The case data of 160 pregnant women admitted to our hospital for cervical cerclage due to CI from January 2020 to September 2021 were sampled. They were divided into the early group (14∼18 weeks of pregnancy, n = 86), the middle group (19∼27 weeks of pregnancy, n = 74) according to the different gestational periods of surgical treatment, and into the elective group (elective operation, n = 71) and the emergency group (emergency operation, n = 89) according to the different timings of surgical treatment. To compare the pregnancy outcomes of the four groups and the effects of different treatment timings on pregnant women and newborns. Results. After the operation, the intrauterine infection rate in the early group was lower (8.14% (7/86)) than that (71.62% (53/74)) in the middle group, and the intrauterine infection rate (18.31% (13/71)) in the elective group was lower (61.80% (55/89)) than that in the emergency group ( P < 0.05 ). After the operation, the late abortion rate in the early group was 8.14% (7/86) lower than 63.51% (47/74) in the middle group, and the late abortion rate in the elective group was 15.49% (11/71) lower than 61.80% (55/89) in the emergency group ( P < 0.05 ). After the operation, the full-term birth rate (82.56% (71/86)) in the early group was higher (21.62% (16/74)) than that in the middle group, and the full-term birth rate (73.24% (52/71)) of the elective group was higher (24.72% (22/89)) than that in the emergency group ( P < 0.05 ). After the operation, there was no significant difference in the preterm birth rate between the early group and the middle group (8.14% vs 14.86%), and between the elective group and the emergency group (11.27% vs 12.36%) ( P > 0.05 ). There was no significant difference in neonatal Apgar scores between the early group and the middle group (7.30 ± 0.98 vs 7.14 ± 0.91) scores, and between the selective group and the emergency group (7.15 ± 0.82 vs 7.07 ± 1.07) scores ( P > 0.05 ). There was no significant difference in gestational week extension time between the early group and the middle group (6.52 ± 1.77 vs 6.99 ± 1.69) days and between the elective group and the emergency group (6.44 ± 1.37 vs 6.82 ± 1.70) days ( P > 0.05 ). The length of hospital stay was (7.28 ± 1.39 vs 10.89 ± 2.65) days in the early group and the middle group, with the early group being shorter than the middle group ( P < 0.05 ), and the length of hospital stay was (8.72 ± 1.23 vs 9.30 ± 1.39) days in the elective group and the emergency group, with the elective group being shorter than the emergency group ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusions. The therapeutic effect and pregnancy outcome of cervical cerclage are affected by the timing of treatment. Among them, the effect of elective operation at 14∼18 weeks of pregnancy is more ideal, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Timing of Cervical Cerclage Treatment in Pregnant Women with Cervical Insufficiency and the Effect on Pregnancy Outcome

Zhao

2022

Emergency Medicine International

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“…Broad-spectrum antibacterial activity is a typical function of HDPs. As the front-line defense against the invasion of exogenous pathogens, most HDPs recognize cell membranes as targets by damaging cell membranes, leading to the secretion of the cellular contents, cavitation, and rapid inhibition or elimination of various bacterial, fungal, protozoan, and enveloped viruses. , HDPs also show anticancer function by restraining cancer cell proliferation and dissemination effectively . When the concentration is much lower than bactericidal concentration, HDPs can also play multiple roles in immune regulation as signaling molecules between cells .…”

Section: Diversity Functions Of Hdpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host Defense Peptides in Nutrition and Diseases: A Contributor of Immunology Modulation

Dou

Yan

Liu

et al. 2023

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Host defense peptides (HDPs) are primary components of the innate immune system with diverse biological functions, such as antibacterial ability and immunomodulatory function. HDPs are produced and released by immune and epithelial cells against microbial invasion, which are widely distributed in humans, animals, plants, and microbes. Notably, there are great differences in endogenous HDP distribution and expression in humans and animals. Moreover, HDP expression could be regulated by exogenous substances, such as nutrients, and different physiological statuses in health and disease. In this review, we systematically assessed the regulation of expression and mechanism of endogenous HDPs from nutrition and disease perspectives, providing a basis to identify the specificity and regularity of HDP expression. Furthermore, the regulation mechanism of HDP expression was summarized systematically, and the differences in the regulation between nutrients and diseases were explored. From this review, we provide novel ideas targeted the immune regulation of HDPs for protecting host health in nutrition and practical and effective new ideas using the immune regulation theory for further research on protecting host health from pathogenic infection and excessive immunity diseases under the global challenge of the antibiotic-abuse-induced series of problems, including food security and microbial resistance.

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“…In addition, AMPs have been detected in AF, cervical mucus plugs, vernix caseosa, and cord blood. These components exhibit antibacterial actions that are partly attributed to the presence of α- and β-defensins, LL-37, SLPI, and elafin [ 28 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 , 115 , 116 , 117 ].…”

Section: Amp Sources In the Intrauterine Environment The Fetus And Th...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Peptides in Early-Life Host Defense, Perinatal Infections, and Necrotizing Enterocolitis—An Update

Agakidou

Agakidis

Kontou

et al. 2022

JCM

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Host defense against early-life infections such as chorioamnionitis, neonatal sepsis, or necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) relies primarily on innate immunity, in which antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play a major role. AMPs that are important for the fetus and neonate include α and β defensins, cathelicidin LL-37, antiproteases (elafin, SLPI), and hepcidin. They can be produced by the fetus or neonate, the placenta, chorioamniotic membranes, recruited neutrophils, and milk-protein ingestion or proteolysis. They possess antimicrobial, immunomodulating, inflammation-regulating, and tissue-repairing properties. AMPs are expressed as early as the 13th week and increase progressively through gestation. Limited studies are available on AMP expression and levels in the fetus and neonate. Nevertheless, existing evidence supports the role of AMPs in pathogenesis of chorioamnionitis, neonatal sepsis, and NEC, and their association with disease severity. This suggests a potential role of AMPs in diagnosis, prevention, prognosis, and treatment of sepsis and NEC. Herein, we present an overview of the antimicrobial and immunomodulating properties of human AMPs, their sources in the intrauterine environment, fetus, and neonate, and their changes during pre- and post-natal infections and NEC. We also discuss emerging data regarding the potential utility of AMPs in early-life infections, as diagnostic or predictive biomarkers and as therapeutic alternatives or adjuncts to antibiotic therapy considering the increase of antibiotic resistance in neonatal intensive care units.

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The Role of Antimicrobial Peptides in Preterm Birth

Cited by 11 publications

References 130 publications

Analysis of the Timing of Cervical Cerclage Treatment in Pregnant Women with Cervical Insufficiency and the Effect on Pregnancy Outcome

Analysis of the Timing of Cervical Cerclage Treatment in Pregnant Women with Cervical Insufficiency and the Effect on Pregnancy Outcome

Host Defense Peptides in Nutrition and Diseases: A Contributor of Immunology Modulation

Antimicrobial Peptides in Early-Life Host Defense, Perinatal Infections, and Necrotizing Enterocolitis—An Update

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