The Role of Apelin/Apelin Receptor in Energy Metabolism and Water Homeostasis: A Comprehensive Narrative Review

Hu, Gonghui; Wang, Zhen; Zhang, Rumin; Sun, Wenping; Chen, Xiaoyu

doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.632886

Cited by 66 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…Both mouse and human adipocytes express and secrete apelin, which is a proinflammatory adipocyte-derived factor that participates in vascular wall inflammation. 6 , 7 Apelin has been reported to mediate a variety of physiological actions. 8 It showed alteration in adults with severe sepsis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Serum Apelin in the Diagnosis of Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis

ELMeneza¹,

Bagoury²,

Mohamed³

2021

Turk Arch Pediatrics

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Objective: Apelin is a proinflammatory adipocyte-derived factor. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role and significance of serum apelin as a new sepsis marker in the identification of full-term and preterm new-born infants with early-onset sepsis. Material and Methods: This was a case-control study. We included 80 neonates. The cases were divided into 2 groups; neonates with early-onset sepsis and control group with neonates non-sepsis. Apelin was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: There was a significant elevation in the mean values of serum apelin in the early-onset sepsis group (1214.7 ± 273.06 pg/mmol) than in the non-septic neonates 116.27 ± 21.96 pg/mmol ( P < .0001). Apelin values were correlated to clinical sepsis and hematological scores as well as C-reactive protein. Serum apelin concentration was significantly higher among culture-positive cases than the culture-negative cases (mean ± SD was 1239.52 ± 268.47 and 929.42 ± 136.97 pg/mmol, respectively, P < .0001). Moreover, the apelin level was higher in non-survivor neonates than in the survivors in the early-onset sepsis group. No significant difference was found between preterm and full-term new-born infants with regard to the apelin values. The best cut-off estimate of apelin to diagnose early sepsis was >178.33 pg/mmol. Conclusion: Apelin may be useful in the diagnosis and prognostic prediction of neonates with early-onset sepsis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Serum Apelin in the Diagnosis of Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis

ELMeneza¹,

Bagoury²,

Mohamed³

2021

Turk Arch Pediatrics

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“…A possible explanation might be dynamic changes of counter regulation between tissue and circulating renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) [ 29 ]. Indeed, apelin acts a physiological antagonist of angiotensin-II, which is the main effector of RAAS [ 30 ]. Previous clinical studies among HFrEF patients have revealed that different components of pharmacological management of HF, such as angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI), angiotensin-II receptor blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, induced multidirectional changes in the level of apelin and NPs [ 31 , 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of SGLT2 Inhibitor Dapagliflozin on Serum Levels of Apelin in T2DM Patients with Heart Failure

2022

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Apelin is a multifunctional peptide that plays a pivotal role in cardiac remodeling and HF manifestation because of counteracting angiotensin-II. We hypothesized that positive influence of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor on cardiac function in T2DM patients with HF might be mediated by apelin and that its levels seem to be a target of management. A total of 153 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with II/III HF NYHA class and average left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) of 46% have been enrolled and treated with dapagliflosin. The serum levels of apelin and N-terminal brain natriuretic pro-peptide (NT-proBNP) were measured at baseline and over a 6-month period of dapagliflosin administration. We noticed that administration of dapagliflozin was associated with a significant increase in apelin levels of up to 18.3% and a decrease in NT-proBNP of up to 41.0%. Multivariate logistic regression showed that relative changes of LVEF, LA volume index, and early diastolic blood filling to longitudinal strain ratio were strongly associated with the levels of apelin, whereas NT-proBNP exhibited a borderline significance in this matter. In conclusion, dapagiflosin exerted a positive impact on echocardiographic parameters in close association with an increase in serum apelin levels, which could be a surrogate target for HF management.

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“…Apelin plays a central role in insulin resistance, glucose metabolism, obesity-related inflammation, water homeostasis and osmotic regulation in T2DM [47]. Perhaps, apelin/apelin receptor modulating intracellular signal transduction pathways mediates not only a positive inotropic effect on the myocardium, but also exerts fluid retention and potentiates exacerbation of HF [48]. However, serum levels of apelin have previously exhibited its predictive potent for CV outcomes mainly in HFrEF, but not in HFpEF [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discriminative Utility of Apelin-to-NT-Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide Ratio for Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Berezin

Fushtey

Berezin

2022

JCDD

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Background: Apelin is a regulatory vasoactive peptide, which plays a pivotal role in adverse cardiac remodeling and heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether serum levels of apelin is associated with HF with preserved election fraction (HFpEF) in patients with T2DM. Methods: The study retrospectively involved 101 T2DM patients aged 41 to 62 years (48 patients with HFpEF and 28 non-HFpEF patients). The healthy control group consisted of 25 individuals with matched age and sex. Data collection included demographic and anthropometric information, hemodynamic performances and biomarkers of the disease. Transthoracic B-mode echocardiography, Doppler and TDI were performed at baseline. Serum levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and apelin were measured by ELISA in all patients at the study entry. Results: Unadjusted multivariate logistic model yielded the only apelin to NT-proBNP ratio (OR = 1.44; p = 0.001), BMI > 34 кг/м2 (OR = 1.07; p = 0.036), NT-proBNP > 458 pmol/mL (OR = 1.17; p = 0.042), LAVI > 34 mL/m2 (OR = 1.06; p = 0.042) and E/e’ > 11 (OR = 1.04; p = 0.044) remained to be strong predictors for HFpEF. After obesity adjustment, multivariate logistic regression showed that the apelin to NT-proBNP ratio < 0.82 × 10−2 units remained sole independent predictor for HFpEF (OR = 1.44; 95% CI: 1.18–2.77; p = 0.001) HFpEF in T2DM patients. In conclusion, we found that apelin to NT-proBNP ratio < 0.82 × 10−2 units better predicted HFpEF in T2DM patients than apelin and NT-proBNP alone. This finding could open new approach for CV risk stratification of T2DM at higher risk of HF.

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The Role of Apelin/Apelin Receptor in Energy Metabolism and Water Homeostasis: A Comprehensive Narrative Review

Cited by 66 publications

References 104 publications

Role of Serum Apelin in the Diagnosis of Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis

Role of Serum Apelin in the Diagnosis of Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis

The Effect of SGLT2 Inhibitor Dapagliflozin on Serum Levels of Apelin in T2DM Patients with Heart Failure

Discriminative Utility of Apelin-to-NT-Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide Ratio for Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

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