The role of apoptotic or nonapoptotic cell death in determining cellular response to anticancer treatment

Kim, R.; Emi, Manabu; Tanabe, Kazuaki; Uchida, Yuzo; Arihiro, Koji

doi:10.1016/j.ejso.2005.12.006

Cited by 49 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…22,26,[46][47][48] Still it is unclear whether autophagy contributes to cell death after cytotoxic therapy or rather represents a resistance mechanism. Autophagy facilitates cellular survival by enabling growth under unfavourable metabolic conditions.…”

Section: Conclusion-autophagy: Life or Death?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Autophagy—A double‐edged sword in oncology

Apel

Zentgraf

Büchler

et al. 2009

Intl Journal of Cancer

144

103

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Autophagy or ''self-eating'' digests proteins and functionless cell organelles to reuse. This cell-own recycling system attracts much attention in tumour biology. One of the major functions of autophagy is maintaining cellular homeostasis. Thus, it is constitutive active in all living cells. Damaged or dispensable proteins and organelles are removed to regulate composition and size of the cytoplasm. Many therapeutic treatments have been shown to modulate autophagy signalling although it is still unclear if autophagy represents a survival or a suicide mechanism for tumour cells. Tumour growth in response to blocked autophagy as well as tumour growth in response to induced autophagy has been described. Several recent review articles address the differential effect of autophagy manipulation to apoptosis signalling. However, less has been reported about interactions of autophagy manipulation to the outcome of cancer therapy and tumour growth. Therefore, this review tries to fill this gap. We discuss data demonstrating that cellular decisions to autophagy manipulation depend on tumour type, stage, microenvironment, autophagy initiator or inhibitor and combined tumour treatment. Finally, we come to the conclusion that further analyses are necessary before manipulation of autophagic mechanisms can find its way into tumour therapy for improved treatment of patients. ' 2009 UICC

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Section: Conclusion-autophagy: Life or Death?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Autophagy—A double‐edged sword in oncology

Apel

Zentgraf

Büchler

et al. 2009

Intl Journal of Cancer

144

103

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…9 Apoptosis is designated as programmed cell death type I, autophagy is known as programmed cell death type II and necrosis as cell death III. 10 Apoptosis is characterized by cell rounding, membrane blebbing, cytoplasmic condensation and fragmentation, chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation and DNA laddering. 10 Autophagy is characterized by membrane blebbing, partial chromatin condensation and autophagic vacuoles in the cytoplasm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 Apoptosis is characterized by cell rounding, membrane blebbing, cytoplasmic condensation and fragmentation, chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation and DNA laddering. 10 Autophagy is characterized by membrane blebbing, partial chromatin condensation and autophagic vacuoles in the cytoplasm. 10 Necrosis is uncontrolled cell death, in accordance with the loss of ATP or membrane pumps, cellular swelling and cellular and nuclear lysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 Necrosis is uncontrolled cell death, in accordance with the loss of ATP or membrane pumps, cellular swelling and cellular and nuclear lysis. 10 Today a new area of research has focused on the autophagy pathway in cancer cell development and the response to therapy. Ionizing radiation induces autophagy in a variety of cancer cells independently of apoptosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 Autophagy is characterized by membrane blebbing, partial chromatin condensation and autophagic vacuoles in the cytoplasm. 10 Necrosis is uncontrolled cell death, in accordance with the loss of ATP or membrane pumps, cellular swelling and cellular and nuclear lysis. 10 Today a new area of research has focused on the autophagy pathway in cancer cell development and the response to therapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Radiation-induced autophagy in normal and cancer cells: Towards novel cytoprotection and radio-sensitization policies?

Zois¹,

Koukourakis²

2009

Autophagy

124

101

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Autophagy or Type II programmed cell death (PCD) is a major intracellular pathway for the degradation and recycling of proteins, ribosomes and entire organelles. The role of this pathway in the antitumor effect of radiotherapy and in radiation toxicity is obscure. A complicated machinery of genes and proteins is involved in the regulation of autophagy as a response to a variety of stress factors including hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, cytotoxic agents and radiotherapy. Continuously accumulating data suggest that autophagic response of cancer cells to radiotherapy is a major pathway which, in contrast to apoptosis that leads to death, may lead to either death or cellular survival. A variety of agents have been recognized that induce or block autophagy, directly interfering with the cytotoxic effect of radiotherapy. Simultaneous targeting of autophagy and apoptosis during radiotherapy seems to further augment the antitumor effect. Radiobiology research should focus on the differential effect of fractionation on the induction of autophagy in different tumors and on the manipulation of this with autophagy triggering agents. Whether manipulation of this pathway in normal tissues may be used to confer cytoprotection also deserves thorough investigation. Moreover, the role of pretreatment autophagic indices in tumor cells in predicting radiotherapy and chemotherapy outcome should be examined in translational studies.

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Radiobiologic Principles

Wilson¹,

Bedford²

2010

Leibel and Phillips Textbook of Radiation Oncology

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The role of apoptotic or nonapoptotic cell death in determining cellular response to anticancer treatment

Cited by 49 publications

References 50 publications

Autophagy—A double‐edged sword in oncology

Autophagy—A double‐edged sword in oncology

Radiation-induced autophagy in normal and cancer cells: Towards novel cytoprotection and radio-sensitization policies?

Radiobiologic Principles

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