The role of atomic absorption spectrometry in geochemical exploration

Viets, J.G.; O'Leary, R. M.

doi:10.1016/0375-6742(92)90049-e

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Calibration of the GFAAS used gold(III) chloride solutions diluted with 20% HCl. The GFAAS used Zeeman-effect background correction for all measurements. The detection limit for GFAAS was determined to be 0.2 μg/L, as calculated by 3 times the standard deviation (3σ) of three solution blanks containing only 1% Aliquat 336/DIBK .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films Technique for the Measurement of Labile Gold in Natural Waters

Lucas

Rate²,

Zhang

et al. 2012

Anal. Chem.

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Gold is a precious metal that exists in most soils, sediments, and natural waters at extremely low concentrations (<1 μg/kg). The diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique, used extensively for measuring trace metal concentrations in soils, sediments, and waters, has potential for geochemical exploration for gold, but has not been developed for this metal. This work investigates the possibility of measuring labile gold using DGT by introducing a new binding layer based on activated carbon. The performance of this new technique was assessed using gold(III) chloride in solution by: (1) determining the diffusion coefficient of gold(III) in hydrogels; (2) determining the uptake of gold(III) chloride by the new activated carbon binding layer; (3) determining an elution methodology for the binding layer and evaluating its efficiency; (4) assessing the capacity of the activated carbon binding layer to adsorb gold; (5) determining the effect of pH and ionic strength (as NaCl) on performance, and (6) assessing the selectivity of the new binding layer for gold. It was found that the diffusion coefficient of gold(III) increased as solution pH decreased. The diffusion coefficient also increased at high ionic strength (≥0.1 M NaCl). Accounting for these phenomena, the DGT technique behaved predictably under all tested conditions. The technique can potentially be used as a geochemical exploration tool for gold in soils and in aqueous environments, with method detection limits as low as 0.9 ng/L for a 7-day deployment.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films Technique for the Measurement of Labile Gold in Natural Waters

Lucas

Rate²,

Zhang

et al. 2012

Anal. Chem.

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“…The dilution factor is also very important for low level determination of the elements in geological samples. Flame AAS has been widely used for the trace element determination in geochemical samples (12). However, the detection limits required in NGCM samples for Ag and Cd are very low, and FAAS has not been able to achieve such low detection limits even though some authors have reported such detection limits for one or two elements, e.g., lithium and zinc (13).…”

Section: Determination Of Ag and CD In Soil And Sedimentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Ag and Cd in Soil and Sediment Samples by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GFAAS)

Saha¹

2015

At.Spectrosc.

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An extensive study has been made for the determination of silver (Ag) and cadmium (Cd) in soil and sediment samples using different decomposition procedures. A simple and rapid method has been developed for the accurate determination of Ag and Cd at ppb levels by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). In the present study,-200 mesh size samples were digested in a 100-mL glass beaker using 1:1 HNO 3 for measurement of Ag and Cd by GFAAS. A bulk calibration standard of 20 ppb of Ag and 10 ppb of Cd was used for the measurement of silver and cadmium, respectively. The method was proposed for the determination of Ag and Cd in soil and sediment samples collected according to the guidelines of the National Geochemical Mapping (NGCM) program and is being followed by the Geological Survey of India with an objective for Geochemical Mapping. The precision of the proposed method was investigated by analyzing 10 soil and sediment samples, and the estimated value of the RSD (%) was found to be <10%. The efficiency of the method was also compared by analyzing 10 international soil and sediment reference samples. Very good agreement and excellent precision were observed for the certified values. The limit of quantitation (10σ) achieved for Ag was 5.0 ng/g and for Cd it was 2.0 ng/g, with a recovery of 95-103%

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“…Undoubtedly, the development of quadrupole ICP‐MS instruments has been a milestone of spectrochemical analysis during the last half‐century. Although several other analytical techniques including atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), inductively coupled optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES), and microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometry (MP‐AES) are available for geochemical analysis, 6–8 ICP‐MS has made an impact on geochemical studies because of such advantages as parts per trillion levels of detection for several elements from lithium to uranium across the periodic table, limited interferences and a wide linear dynamic range, high throughput, and multi‐element/isotope capability. Some of the earliest published applications of ICP‐MS were on geochemical studies 9,10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies to overcome interferences in elemental and isotopic geochemical analysis by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: A critical evaluation of the recent developments

Balaram

2021

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Quadrupole Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP‐MS) instruments were introduced into geochemical and mineral exploration laboratories nearly four decades ago, providing a technique that could meet their longstanding requirement for the precise and accurate determination of several groups of trace elements and isotopes in geological materials such as rocks, minerals, ores, soils, sediments, and natural water samples. Despite its popularity among geochemists, the technique suffered from spectral and non‐spectral interferences some of which seriously affected the quality of the data generated. These interferences have also had a significant impact on the ability of ICP‐MS systems to achieve low detection limits. Over the last three decades, technical advances such as the development of high‐resolution (HR)‐ICP‐MS, cool plasma, collision/reaction cell technology (CCT), dynamic reaction cell (DRC) technology, collision reaction interface (CRI), kinetic energy discrimination (KED), tandem mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS/MS)/triple quadrupole ICP‐MS, and multi‐quadrupole ICP‐MS have been introduced to eliminate/minimize many of these interferences, with each technique having its strengths and limitations. These technologies have extended the range of elements that can be measured accurately not only in geological materials, but also in several other matrices, with lower detection limits than before. In addition, other methods such as internal standardization, isotope‐dilution, standard addition and matrix‐matching calibrations have contributed to improving the quality of the data. This paper provides a review of these new developments from the geochemical analysis point of view.

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The role of atomic absorption spectrometry in geochemical exploration

Cited by 13 publications

References 49 publications

Development of the Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films Technique for the Measurement of Labile Gold in Natural Waters

Development of the Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films Technique for the Measurement of Labile Gold in Natural Waters

Determination of Ag and Cd in Soil and Sediment Samples by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GFAAS)

Strategies to overcome interferences in elemental and isotopic geochemical analysis by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: A critical evaluation of the recent developments

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