The role of attention control in complex real-world tasks

Draheim, Christopher; Pak, Richard; Draheim, Amanda A.; Engle, Randall W

doi:10.3758/s13423-021-02052-2

Cited by 58 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 552 publications

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“…Most importantly, when attention control is measured more robustly, it accounts for virtually all the variance in the relationship between working memory capacity and fluid intelligence. This finding is congruent with other research supporting the theoretical position that attention control, and not working memory capacity, is the primary driver of higher-order cognitive behavior (see Draheim et al, 2022). Researchers who continue to use traditional and flawed tasks such as…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Another key finding from Draheim et al (2021) was that attention control fully accounted for the relationship between working memory capacity and fluid intelligence at the latent level, supporting our theoretical position that the ability to control one's attention is the causal basis of the typically strong relationship between working memory capacity and various other higherorder cognitive behaviors (see Burgoyne & Engle, 2020;Burgoyne et al, 2022;Draheim et al, 2022;Shipstead et al, 2016;Tsukahara et al, 2020; also see Conway et al, 2021 andRueda, 2018). In other words, we argue that the ability to control attention is a more important and fundamental driver of higher-order cognition than memory-specific mechanisms such as holding information in primary memory.…”

Section: The Toolbox Approach To Measuring Attention Controlmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…The ability to manage severely limited cognitive resources is a highly important aspect of human cognition (e.g., Norman & Shallice, 1986;Turner and Engle, 1989). Specifically, our research group has argued that attention control is the primary driver of higher-order cognition and therefore underlies individual differences in a wide range of cognition, behavior, and performance differences (e.g., Draheim et al, 2022;Burgoyne & Engle, 2020;Engle, 2002;Shipstead et al, 2016;Tsukahara et al, 2020; also see Conway et al, 2021 andRueda, 2018 for similar perspectives). Broadly speaking, we define attention control as the ability to manage goal-directed action through a combination of maintaining relevant information and behavior and, blocking, filtering, or otherwise suppressing irrelevant information and inappropriate behavior.…”

Section: Replication and Extension Of The Toolbox Approach To Measuri...mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Replication and extension of the toolbox approach to measuring attention control

Draheim

Tsukahara²,

Engle³

2022

Preprint

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There is an increasing consensus among researchers that traditional attention tasks do not validly index the attentional mechanisms they are often used to assess. We recently tested and validated several existing, modified, and new tasks and found that accuracy-based and adaptive tasks were more reliable and valid measures of attention control than traditional ones, which typically rely on speeded responding and contrast comparisons in the form of difference scores (Draheim et al., 2021). Critically, these improved measures revealed that attention control fully mediated the working memory capacity-fluid intelligence relationship, a novel finding with significant theoretical implications. The present study was both a follow-up and extension to this “toolbox approach” to measuring attention control. We tested updated versions of several strong-performing tasks from the original study in a new dataset (N = 301) and found, with one exception, that these tasks remain strong measures of attention control. The present study also replicated two important findings. The first was that attention control accounted for nearly all the variance in the relationship between working memory capacity and fluid intelligence. The second was that the strong association between attention control and other cognitive measures is not because these tasks place strong demands on processing speed. These findings therefore show that attention control can be measured as a reliable and valid individual differences construct and that attention control shares substantial variance with other executive functions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: The Toolbox Approach To Measuring Attention Controlmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Replication and Extension Of The Toolbox Approach To Measuri...mentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Replication and extension of the toolbox approach to measuring attention control

Draheim

Tsukahara²,

Engle³

2022

Preprint

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“…Working memory capacity and attentional control may be additional important individual differences impacting HAT performance. Previous research has found that individuals with a stronger working memory capacity and those with higher attentional control performed better in human-automation interaction in general, but this has not been explored in HATs (Draheim et al, 2021). Further, researchers have found that, due to these cognitive advantages, individuals were better able to detect automation failures, enabling them to step in and complete the task manually (Rovira et al, 2017).…”

Section: Trust In Human-autonomous Teamsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Maybe I Can Do Better Myself: The Impact of Automation Levels on HRI

Benton

McDonald

Sackett

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual

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Although previous studies have developed scales to measure levels of robot autonomy and ways to quantify trust in human-robot teams, there is still much interest in determining how trust, individual differences, and levels of autonomy impact these teams. The primary objective of this study is to identify how pre-existing attitudes about robots, individual differences in normal cognition, and levels of robot autonomy affect performance, communication, and trust with a robot teammate. This study pairs participants with a robot teammate to compete against two robotic opponents in a simulated game of capture the flag. Game performance and interactions with the robot teammate will be collected as outcome measures. Subjective measures will include pre-existing negative attitudes toward robots (Nomura et al., 2006a) and trust (Schaefer, 2016).

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“…Among the three key executive functions, memory updating and inhibitory control, as measured respectively by the running memory span task [ 75 ] and the N-back task [ 76 ], have garnered increasing attention in SLA (e.g., [ 77 ]) and task-based language-teaching research [ 18 , 28 , 78 ]. Similarly, the well-articulated attentional control paradigm by Engle and colleagues [ 79 , 80 ] has been cited widely in the language sciences (cf. [ 81 ]) and interpreting models [ 82 ].…”

Section: Cognitive Wm Models and Measures In Language And Bilingualis...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Working Memory Models and Measures in Language and Bilingualism Research: Integrating Cognitive and Affective Perspectives

et al. 2022

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Although emotional or affective working memory (WM) is quite well established in general psychology, not much research has looked into its potential implications for the language sciences and bilingualism and second language acquisition (SLA) research until recently. To fill this gap, this paper aims to propose that WM has not just cognitive implications, but its affective dimension may also make complementary and unique contributions to language and bilingualism/SLA research. Towards this end, we first briefly synthesize the cognitive views of WM conceptions and assessment procedures in the current language sciences and bilingualism/SLA research. Next, we turn to discuss the theoretical models and assumptions of affective WM and explore their theoretical implications for bilingualism/SLA research based on emerging empirical evidence. Then, we propose a conceptual framework integrating cognitive and affective WM perspectives and further provide guidelines for designing affective WM span tasks that can be used in future affective WM–language research, focusing on the construction procedures of several emotion-based affective WM span tasks (e.g., the emotional reading span task, the emotional operation span task, and the emotional symmetry span task) as examples. Overall, we argue that affective feelings are also an integral part of the mental representations held in WM and future research in the language sciences and bilingualism/SLA should incorporate both cognitive and affective WM dimensions.

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The role of attention control in complex real-world tasks

Cited by 58 publications

References 552 publications

Replication and extension of the toolbox approach to measuring attention control

Replication and extension of the toolbox approach to measuring attention control

Maybe I Can Do Better Myself: The Impact of Automation Levels on HRI

Working Memory Models and Measures in Language and Bilingualism Research: Integrating Cognitive and Affective Perspectives

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