The role of autonomic imbalance in the pathogenesis of hypertension and the therapeutic effectiveness of renal denervation (literature review)

Abstract

Arterial hypertension (AH) remains a global problem of modern healthcare, since, despite advances in clinical pharmacology and the use of modern antihypertensive drugs, it continues to be a major risk factor for cardiovascular complications. This necessitates a more in-depth study of the pathogenetic mechanisms of this disease and the development of new pathogenetically based methods of its treatment. Every year more and more studies are published, the results of which indicate the significant role of autonomic imbalance in the pathogenesis of the disease. The article presents the main modern data concerning the study of this problem. A detailed analysis of works devoted to the role of sympathetic hyperactivation in a sustained increase in blood pressure (BP) and the development of pharmacotherapy-resistant forms of hypertension (RAH) was carried out. Particular attention is paid to the influence of modern endovascular methods on changes in the severity of immunoinflammatory processes, through the activation of which the hypertensive effects of increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system are realized. Possible mechanisms of the therapeutic effectiveness of renal denervation and prospects for further clinical application of the method are described.