The Role of Bacterial Etiology in the Tear Duct Infections Secondary to Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstructions

Abstract

Purpose: To define the microbiological features of dacryocystitis in childhood. Methods: Patients with dacryocystitis secondary to CNLDO between 2017 and 2019 in Izmir, Turkey were included in the study. Inclusion criteria of the study were: mucopurulent secretion, being under 4 years old and not having received prior antibiotic treatment. Samples from secretion were cultivated in sheep blood agar, eosin methylene blue, and chocolate agar. Reproduction was checked intermittently. Clinically significant growths were reported. Results: Seventy patients with dacryocystitis secondary to CNLDO were included in the study. Sixty percent of patients were female (n = 42) and 40% (n = 28) percent of patients were male. The average age of participants was 2.09 ± 0.68 (1–3) years old. Positive bacterial proliferation results were noted in 20 patients (28.6%). Eighty percent (n = 16) of culture-positive bacterias were gram-negative bacterias and 20% (4) were gram-positive bacterias. Twenty percent of culture-positive bacterias were aerobic and 80% were facultative bacterias. The most common bacteria seen in culture specimen was Haemophilus 40% (Haemophilus haemolyticus [20%] and Haemophilus influenzae [20%]). Conclusions: Gram-negative organisms especially Haemophilus were most prevalent. These findings could be helpful for antibiotic selection.

Lacrimal sac bacteriology and susceptibility pattern in infants with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in the 1st year of life: a cross-sectional study

“…There have been a few studies investigating the microbiology in CNLDO, and the bacterial spectrum varies among different age groups and changes over time (Table 3) [8][9][10][11][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Most of the previous literatures included both infants and young children.…”

“…The previous studies reporting the bacteria strains of CNLDO have a wider age range, or varied ways of sample collection, and some papers are old [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Few of the studies focused merely on infants under 1 year of age [14,16], and few looked into the Chinese population [18].…”

Lacrimal Sac Bacteriology and Susceptibility Pattern in Infants with Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction in the 1st Year of Life: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…There have been a few studies investigating the microbiology in CNLDO, and the bacterial spectrum varies among different age groups and changes over time (Table 3) [8][9][10][11][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Most of the previous literatures included both infants and young children.…”

Success rates of probing for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction at various ages

“…After the probing, application of a topical antibiotic was recommended from the fluoroquinolone group for 7 days in combination with hydrostatic massage [21]. Subjects had follow-up visits timed 3 weeks (± 1 week) and 6 months (± 1 month) after the procedure.…”

“…Persisting CNLDO, which occurs in 2-6% of all cases carries the risk of chronic dacryocystitis, preseptal and orbital cellulitis [10,21]. Abundant lacrimal meniscus and mucopurulent discharge which persists on the surface of the cornea may lead to blurring of vision and interferes with the clear focusing of images on the retina, which is critical for emmetropization [22].…”