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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multifaceted autoimmune disorder characterized by dysregulated immune responses and autoantibody production, which affects multiple organs and varies in clinical presentation and disease severity. The development of SLE is intricate, encompassing dysregulation within the immune system, a collapse of immunological tolerance, genetic susceptibilities to the disease, and a variety of environmental factors that can act as triggers. This review provides a comprehensive discussion of the pathogenesis and treatment strategies of SLE and focuses on the progress and status of traditional and emerging treatment strategies for SLE. Traditional treatment strategies for SLE have mainly employed non-specific approaches, including cytotoxic and immunosuppressive drugs, antimalarials, glucocorticoids, and NSAIDs. These strategies are effective in mitigating the effects of the disease, but they are not a complete cure and are often accompanied by adverse reactions. Emerging targeted therapeutic drugs, on the other hand, aim to control and treat SLE by targeting B and T cells, inhibiting their activation and function, as well as the abnormal activation of the immune system. A deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of SLE and the exploration of new targeted treatment strategies are essential to advance the treatment of this complex autoimmune disease.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multifaceted autoimmune disorder characterized by dysregulated immune responses and autoantibody production, which affects multiple organs and varies in clinical presentation and disease severity. The development of SLE is intricate, encompassing dysregulation within the immune system, a collapse of immunological tolerance, genetic susceptibilities to the disease, and a variety of environmental factors that can act as triggers. This review provides a comprehensive discussion of the pathogenesis and treatment strategies of SLE and focuses on the progress and status of traditional and emerging treatment strategies for SLE. Traditional treatment strategies for SLE have mainly employed non-specific approaches, including cytotoxic and immunosuppressive drugs, antimalarials, glucocorticoids, and NSAIDs. These strategies are effective in mitigating the effects of the disease, but they are not a complete cure and are often accompanied by adverse reactions. Emerging targeted therapeutic drugs, on the other hand, aim to control and treat SLE by targeting B and T cells, inhibiting their activation and function, as well as the abnormal activation of the immune system. A deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of SLE and the exploration of new targeted treatment strategies are essential to advance the treatment of this complex autoimmune disease.
The limitations of currently available therapies for immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) mean that long-term responses are difficult to maintain, and patients face a substantial quality of life (QoL) burden imposed by both the disease and its treatment. During this Sanofi industry-supported symposium, leading experts in haematology discussed the significant unmet needs that exist in ITP, and highlighted the importance of new treatment approaches on the horizon with the potential to deliver improved clinical outcomes for patients. Waleed Ghanima, Consultant Hematologist at Østfold Hospital and Professor at the Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway, reviewed the key clinical considerations when choosing treatment for ITP and risk factors associated with established therapies. Cindy Neunert, Professor in the Department of Pediatrics and Section Head of Pediatric Hematology at Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Manhattan, New York, USA, explored patient preferences and goals of therapy in ITP, moving beyond platelet count to address important concerns such as fatigue and cognition. David J. Kuter, Chief of Hematology at Massachusetts General Hospital and Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA, highlighted the promise of emerging therapies on the horizon for ITP that address multiple mechanisms of disease pathology and may help to fill existing treatment gaps.
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