The role of BAT in cardiometabolic disorders and aging

Blondin, Denis P.; Carpentier, André C.

doi:10.1016/j.beem.2016.09.002

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 131 publications

(151 reference statements)

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“…As a result, researchers have assessed whether altering diet [24] or taking drugs [25] may be efficient methods for increasing levels of the tissue. Enhancing adipose tissue profiles reduces the risk of obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases [26]. Here, we have demonstrated that both non-periodized and periodized training significantly enhance white and brown adipose tissue profiles.…”

Section: Body Mass Food and Water Intakementioning

confidence: 66%

Periodized versus non-periodized swimming training with equal total training load: Physiological, molecular and performance adaptations in Wistar rats

et al. 2020

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This study investigated the effect of non-periodized training performed at 80, 100 and 120% of the anaerobic threshold intensity (AnT) and a linear periodized training model adapted for swimming rats on the gene expression of monocarboxylate transporters 1 and 4 (MCT1 and 4, in soleus and gastrocnemius muscles), protein contents, blood biomarkers, tissue glycogen, body mass, and aerobic and anaerobic capacities. Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 10 per group): a baseline (BL; euthanized before training period), a control group (GC; not exercised during the training period), three groups exercised at intensities equivalent to 80, 100 and 120% of the AnT (G80, G100 and G120, respectively) at the equal workload and a linear periodized training group (GPE). Each training program lasted 12 weeks subdivided into three periods: basic mesocycle (6 weeks), specific mesocycle (5 weeks) and taper (1 week). Although G80, G100 and G120 groups were submitted to monotony workload (i.e. non-modulation at intensity or volume throughout the training program), rodents were evaluated during the same experimental timepoints as GPE to be able comparisons. Our main results showed that all training programs were capable to minimize the aerobic capacity decrease promoted by age, which were compared to control group. Rats trained in periodization model had reduced levels of lipid blood biomarkers and increased hepatic glycogen stores compared to all other trained groups. At the molecular level, only expressions of MCT1 in the muscle were modified by different training regimens, with MCT1 mRNA increasing in rats trained at lower intensities (G80), and MCT1 protein content showed higher values in non-periodized groups compared to pre-training and GPE. Here, training at different intensities but at same total workload promoted similar adaptations in rats. Nevertheless, our results suggested that periodized training seems to be optimize the physiological responses of rats.

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Section: Body Mass Food and Water Intakementioning

confidence: 66%

Periodized versus non-periodized swimming training with equal total training load: Physiological, molecular and performance adaptations in Wistar rats

et al. 2020

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“…In addition to the “classical” BAT depots, WAT “browning” (or “ beiging ”) may also contribute to thermogenesis, although this is still hotly debated ( 11 , 203 – 206 ). A detailed discussion on the mechanisms and cellular adaptations of WAT “browning” is beyond the scope of this review and has been the subject of excellent recent papers ( 17 , 207 , 208 ).…”

Section: Is There a Contribution Of Wat Browning To Thermogenesis Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BAT may contribute as much as 60% of “non-shivering” thermogenesis in small mammals ( 7 , 8 ), enabling their survival in the cold without reliance on shivering to produce heat ( 9 , 10 ). BAT is currently considered a prime target for the treatment of obesity and T2D ( 11 – 15 ). Although the relative role of BAT on energy expenditure, thermogenesis and substrate utilization is dominant in rodents, the contribution of BAT to energy homeostasis in humans is more controversial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brown Adipose Tissue Energy Metabolism in Humans

et al. 2018

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The demonstration of metabolically active brown adipose tissue (BAT) in humans primarily using positron emission tomography coupled to computed tomography (PET/CT) with the glucose tracer 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG) has renewed the interest of the scientific and medical community in the possible role of BAT as a target for the prevention and treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, we offer a comprehensive review of BAT energy metabolism in humans. Considerable advances in methods to measure BAT energy metabolism, including nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), chylomicron-triglycerides (TG), oxygen, Krebs cycle rate, and intracellular TG have led to very good quantification of energy substrate metabolism per volume of active BAT in vivo. These studies have also shown that intracellular TG are likely the primary energy source of BAT upon activation by cold. Current estimates of BAT's contribution to energy expenditure range at the lower end of what would be potentially clinically relevant if chronically sustained. Yet, 18FDG PET/CT remains the gold-standard defining method to quantify total BAT volume of activity, used to calculate BAT's total energy expenditure. Unfortunately, BAT glucose metabolism better reflects BAT's insulin sensitivity and blood flow. It is now clear that most glucose taken up by BAT does not fuel mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and that BAT glucose uptake can therefore be disconnected from thermogenesis. Furthermore, BAT thermogenesis is efficiently recruited upon repeated cold exposure, doubling to tripling its total oxidative capacity, with reciprocal reduction of muscle thermogenesis. Recent data suggest that total BAT volume may be much larger than the typically observed 50–150 ml with 18FDG PET/CT. Therefore, the current estimates of total BAT thermogenesis, largely relying on total BAT volume using 18FDG PET/CT, may underestimate the true contribution of BAT to total energy expenditure. Quantification of the contribution of BAT to energy expenditure begs for the development of more integrated whole body in vivo methods.

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“…Until recently, it was believed that BAT is present only in small animals whereas in humans and other large mammals it is confined to the early postnatal period. However, functional imaging studies have demonstrated that BAT deposits are active life-long in humans and their amount and activity are inversely correlated with total body adiposity [ 28 , 29 ]. In rodents such as rats and mice the largest BAT depot is located in the interscapular region and smaller depots are found close to blood vessels in the cervical, axillary and paravertebral regions as well as in the proximity of thoracic and bdominal viscera.…”

Section: Adipose Tissue—an Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Sulfide in the Adipose Tissue—Physiology, Pathology and a Target for Pharmacotherapy

Bełtowski

Jamróz-Wiśniewska

2016

Molecules

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Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is synthesized in the adipose tissue mainly by cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE). Several studies have demonstrated that H2S is involved in adipogenesis, that is the differentiation of preadipocytes to adipocytes, most likely by inhibiting phosphodiesterases and increasing cyclic AMP concentration. The effect of H2S on adipose tissue insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake is controversial. Some studies suggest that H2S inhibits insulin-induced glucose uptake and that excess of H2S contributes to adipose tissue insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome. In contrast, other studies have demonstrated that H2S stimulates glucose uptake and its deficiency contributes to insulin resistance. Similarly, the effect of H2S on adipose tissue lipolysis is controversial. H2S produced by perivascular adipose tissue decreases vascular tone by activating ATP-sensitive and/or voltage-gated potassium channels in smooth muscle cells. Experimental obesity induced by high calorie diet has a time dependent effect on H2S in perivascular adipose tissue; short and long-term obesity increase and decrease H2S production, respectively. Hyperglycemia has been consistently demonstrated to suppress CSE-H2S pathway in various adipose tissue depots. Finally, H2S deficiency may contribute to adipose tissue inflammation associated with obesity/metabolic syndrome.

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The role of BAT in cardiometabolic disorders and aging

Cited by 18 publications

References 131 publications

Periodized versus non-periodized swimming training with equal total training load: Physiological, molecular and performance adaptations in Wistar rats

Periodized versus non-periodized swimming training with equal total training load: Physiological, molecular and performance adaptations in Wistar rats

Brown Adipose Tissue Energy Metabolism in Humans

Hydrogen Sulfide in the Adipose Tissue—Physiology, Pathology and a Target for Pharmacotherapy

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