The role of behavioral accessibility in intellectual function of psychotics

Rappaport, Sheldon R.

doi:10.1002/1097-4679(195110)7:4<335::aid-jclp2270070407>3.0.co;2-y

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…With the exception of two subtests, this is also true of the organics' scores. These data serve to substantiate the high degree of relationship already established between psychotics' test scores and their behavioral accessibility [20]. These results further suggest that regardless of the ultimate basis for the illness, psychotics show a disturbance of thought process that has at its cause a large behavioral or functional element.…”

Section: Discussion Of Resultssupporting

confidence: 63%

“…This study, part of which was reported in a previous paper [20], is an investigation of the role of behavioral accessibility in intellectual deficit. This paper specifically deals with determining whether organic or schizophrenic psychotics show significantly greater intellectual deficit on specific tests and whether such deficit can be attributed to organic or functional factors, the latter rated by behavioral accessibility scores on the Elgin Test Reaction Scale [20].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Intellectual deficit in organics and schizophrenics.

Rappaport¹

1953

Journal of Consulting Psychology

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Section: Discussion Of Resultssupporting

confidence: 63%

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confidence: 99%

Intellectual deficit in organics and schizophrenics.

Rappaport¹

1953

Journal of Consulting Psychology

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The use of Vocabulary in the Measurement of Intellectual Deterioration—A Review

Yates

1956

J. ment. sci

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The problem of determining whether or not a particular individual has deteriorated intellectually or with respect to other skills is one which has exercised the ingenuity of clinical psychologists for a long time. Clearly the most satisfactory method from the point of view of reliability and validity is by means of the test-retest method over a given period of time, using tests for which adequate statistical information is available. However, since a direct estimate of the individual's previous level of intelligence is usually not available and since the psychologist often cannot wait six months or longer to obtain a direct retest, some method had to be devised which would overcome this difficulty. Babcock (1930) hit on the method of using the Vocabulary test as an estimate of previous level of intellectual ability and contrasting it with performance on other tests supposedly sensitive to deterioration in order to measure the amount of decline which had taken place.Some aspects of the use of vocabulary in clinical psychological testing have been reviewed by a number of writers (Cronbach, 1942; Feifel, 1949; Hunt, 1936; Jastak, 1949; Lewinski, 1948; Raven and Walshaw, 1944; Shakow, 1946), and the immense interest shown in vocabulary as a test may be inferred from the 101-page bibliography of vocabulary studies published by Dale (1949). However, previous reviews suffer from two defects in that (a) they do not attempt to cover the ground thoroughly or systematically, being usually introductory to an experiment, or not specifically concerned with the subject matter of this paper; and (b) they naturally give no information about the important research which has taken place in this field within the last few years. The present review has been undertaken for these reasons, and because of the intrinsic importance of the problem.

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Some Simple Measures of Schizophrenic Deterioration

Baker¹,

Thorpe²

1956

J. ment. sci

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“Dementia Praecox” was discarded when it became apparent that a true dementing process was not present in schizophrenia. Most writers agree with the view put forward by French authors that the deterioration in schizophrenia is not the same as that seen in the organic psychoses (Lehrmann, 1940). Experimental work has indicated that intellectual deterioration in schizophrenia is more apparent than real, and that as it appears most when sustained effort and co-operation are required, any changes in co-operativeness and ability to maintain sustained effort invariably affect intelligence test scores (Kendig and Richmond, 1940; Sheldon Rappaport, 1951). The concept of schizophrenic deterioration employed in this article refers to a deterioration of behaviour in general, and to a deterioration of a patient's ability to look after himself in particular. With increasing interest in methods of treating deteriorated schizophrenic patients, we need reliable measures of deterioration in order to compare the effects of treatment in different groups. At present discrepancies in results are frequently due to some groups of schizophrenics being more deteriorated than others. For example Layman (1940) demonstrated that sodium amytal speeded up the psychomotor performances of schizophrenic patients, but subsequent work by Ogilvie (1953) did not confirm this finding. This discrepancy may have been due to the fact that Layman's schizophrenic group contained patients who were more deteriorated than the patients in Ogilvie's study. If a scale indicating the degree of schizophrenic deterioration could be devised, future researches into the treatment of deterioration in schizophrenia would benefit. There are a number of rating scales already available of which the best is probably the Fergus-Falls (Lucero et al., 1951). All of these scales have several common defects. They contain a number of items which are very subjective in nature and dependent more on the rater than the patient. Many are also of such length that they are too time-consuming to complete, particularly in the case of patients on long-stay wards where the nursing staff are invariably overworked already.

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The role of behavioral accessibility in intellectual function of psychotics

Cited by 3 publications

References 21 publications

Intellectual deficit in organics and schizophrenics.

Intellectual deficit in organics and schizophrenics.

The use of Vocabulary in the Measurement of Intellectual Deterioration—A Review

Some Simple Measures of Schizophrenic Deterioration

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