The role of biofilm formation in the pathogenesis and antimicrobial susceptibility of Cutibacterium acnes

Coenye, Tom; Spittaels, Karl-Jan; Achermann, Yvonne

doi:10.1016/j.bioflm.2021.100063

Cited by 53 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 144 publications

(168 reference statements)

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“…The high tolerance of C. acnes to antimicrobial treatments does not depend on the expression of multidrug-resistant genes since C. acnes are generally susceptible to most antimicrobials 44 , 92 . Conversely, the C. acnes capability of chronic persistence and relapse following antibiotic therapy is strongly suggestive of biofilm-related colonization 9 , 93 . These findings align with our results showing that all C. acnes isolates were highly susceptible to most antibiotics, with MIC values largely below the clinical breakpoints.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin dysbiosis and Cutibacterium acnes biofilm in inflammatory acne lesions of adolescents

Cavallo

Sivori

Truglio

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Acne vulgaris is a common inflammatory disorder affecting more than 80% of young adolescents. Cutibacterium acnes plays a role in the pathogenesis of acne lesions, although the mechanisms are poorly understood. The study aimed to explore the microbiome at different skin sites in adolescent acne and the role of biofilm production in promoting the growth and persistence of C. acnes isolates. Microbiota analysis showed a significantly lower alpha diversity in inflammatory lesions (LA) than in non-inflammatory (NI) lesions of acne patients and healthy subjects (HS). Differences at the species level were driven by the overabundance of C. acnes on LA than NI and HS. The phylotype IA1 was more represented in the skin of acne patients than in HS. Genes involved in lipids transport and metabolism, as well as potential virulence factors associated with host-tissue colonization, were detected in all IA1 strains independently from the site of isolation. Additionally, the IA1 isolates were more efficient in early adhesion and biomass production than other phylotypes showing a significant increase in antibiotic tolerance. Overall, our data indicate that the site-specific dysbiosis in LA and colonization by virulent and highly tolerant C. acnes phylotypes may contribute to acne development in a part of the population, despite the universal carriage of the microorganism. Moreover, new antimicrobial agents, specifically targeting biofilm-forming C. acnes, may represent potential treatments to modulate the skin microbiota in acne.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin dysbiosis and Cutibacterium acnes biofilm in inflammatory acne lesions of adolescents

Cavallo

Sivori

Truglio

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…Like many medically-relevant bacteria, also P. acnes forms biofilms under in vitro , in vivo and in vivo -like conditions. Biofilms are communities of microorganisms embedded in an extracellular matrix (consisting of self-produced extracellular polymers and host-derived material) that occur as surface-attached communities, suspended aggregates or aggregates associated with/embedded in host tissue ( 98 , 99 ). Biofilm formation of P. acnes is particularly relevant in the context of infections related to the use of various medical devices, including prosthetic joint infections ( 99 ).…”

Section: Bacteria and Sgmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sebaceous immunobiology - skin homeostasis, pathophysiology, coordination of innate immunity and inflammatory response and disease associations

Zouboulis

Coenye

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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This review presents several aspects of the innovative concept of sebaceous immunobiology, which summarizes the numerous activities of the sebaceous gland including its classical physiological and pathophysiological tasks, namely sebum production and the development of seborrhea and acne. Sebaceous lipids, which represent 90% of the skin surface lipids in adolescents and adults, are markedly involved in the skin barrier function and perifollicular and dermal innate immune processes, leading to inflammatory skin diseases. Innovative experimental techniques using stem cell and sebocyte models have clarified the roles of distinct stem cells in sebaceous gland physiology and sebocyte function control mechanisms. The sebaceous gland represents an integral part of the pilosebaceous unit and its status is connected to hair follicle morphogenesis. Interestingly, professional inflammatory cells contribute to sebocyte differentiation and homeostasis, whereas the regulation of sebaceous gland function by immune cells is antigen-independent. Inflammation is involved in the very earliest differentiation changes of the pilosebaceous unit in acne. Sebocytes behave as potent immune regulators, integrating into the innate immune responses of the skin. Expressing inflammatory mediators, sebocytes also contribute to the polarization of cutaneous T cells towards the Th17 phenotype. In addition, the immune response of the perifollicular infiltrate depends on factors produced by the sebaceous glands, mostly sebaceous lipids. Human sebocytes in vitro express functional pattern recognition receptors, which are likely to interact with bacteria in acne pathogenesis. Sex steroids, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ligands, neuropeptides, endocannabinoids and a selective apoptotic process contribute to a complex regulation of sebocyte-induced immunological reaction in numerous acquired and congenital skin diseases, including hair diseases and atopic dermatitis.

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“…One of the main virulence properties associated with PJIs is biofilm formation [ 1 ]. Several studies have proven the ability of C. acnes to develop a biofilm both in vitro and in vivo [ 6 , 19 ]. In our study, all isolates tested (healthy skin and PJI isolates) were biofilm producers, most of them being moderate producers (88/163); our results detected a slightly higher rate of strong biofilm producers in PJI isolates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Albeit having an overall low virulence, the pathogenicity of this microorganism involves a few virulence traits, including biofilm formation, a trait that is highly relevant in implant infections [ 5 ]. There is growing evidence that in vivo biofilm formation might play a key role in antibiotic treatment failure [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological Characterization of Cutibacterium acnes Strains Isolated from Prosthetic Joint Infections

et al. 2022

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Aims: This study aimed to characterize 79 Cutibacterium acnes strains isolated from prosthetic joint infections(PJIs) originated from eight European hospitals. Methods: Isolates were phylotyped according to the single-locus sequence typing (SLST) scheme. We evaluated the ability of the biofilm formation of C. acnes strains isolated from PJIs and 84 isolates recovered from healthy skin. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of planktonic and biofilm cells of PJI isolates and skin isolates was performed. Results: Most of the isolates from PJIs belonged to the SLST class H/phylotype IB (34.2%), followed by class D/phylotype IA1(21.5%), class A/phylotype IA1 (18.9%), and class K/phylotype II (13.9%). All tested isolates were biofilm producers; no difference in biofilm formation was observed between the healthy skin group and the PJI group of strains. Planktonic and sessile cells of C. acnes remained highly susceptible to a broad spectrum of antibiotics, including beta-lactams, clindamycin, fluoroquinolones, linezolid, rifampin, and vancomycin. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for planktonic and biofilm states coincided in most cases. However, the minimal biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) was high for all antimicrobial drugs tested (>32 mg/L), except for rifampin (2 mg/L). Conclusions:C. acnes strains isolated from healthy skin were able to produce biofilm to the same extent as isolates recovered from PJIs. All C. acnes strains in planktonic and sessile states were susceptible to most antibiotics commonly used for PJI treatment, although rifampin was the only antimicrobial agent able to eradicate C. acnes embedded in biofilm.

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The role of biofilm formation in the pathogenesis and antimicrobial susceptibility of Cutibacterium acnes

Cited by 53 publications

References 144 publications

Skin dysbiosis and Cutibacterium acnes biofilm in inflammatory acne lesions of adolescents

Skin dysbiosis and Cutibacterium acnes biofilm in inflammatory acne lesions of adolescents

Sebaceous immunobiology - skin homeostasis, pathophysiology, coordination of innate immunity and inflammatory response and disease associations

Microbiological Characterization of Cutibacterium acnes Strains Isolated from Prosthetic Joint Infections

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