The role of biomarkers in environmental assessment (4). Terrestrial plants

Ernst, W. H. O.; Peterson, P. J.

doi:10.1007/bf00117083

Cited by 66 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Higher Plants are useful, reliable and economical bioassays for biomonitoring environmental pollutants, since the plant chromosomes are excellent biomarkers for mutagenic studies [15]. Bio-indicators are the biological responders to an external hazardous agents that give a measure of exposure and that can be used to indicate harmful effects and to predict future harm [16]. Cytogenetic test analyses the frequency and type of chromosome aberrations in mitotic cells because it reflects early warning signs of adverse long term effect in the populations [17].…”

Section: * Corresponding Authormentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotoxic effect of distillery effluent on root tip cells of Allium sativum L.

2015

J App Biol Biotech

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In the current study an attempt has been made to evaluate the cytotoxic efficacy of distillery effluent on somatic cells of Allium sativum. The garlic bulbs were treated with different concentrations of effluent viz. 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% at room temperature. The percentage mitotic index was found to be decreased significantly as the concentration of the effluent increased, except in 2.5% concentration, where the mitotic index is higher than control. The chromosomal abnormalities were found to be increased as the effluent concentration increased when compared to control. The observed chromosomal aberrations were laggards, fragmented chromosome, fragmented anaphase and metaphase, chromosomal bridges, micronuclei, lobed nucleus, scattered chromosome, disoriented anaphase, Polyploidy cells. According to present findings 2.5% concentration of the effluent was found to enhance the rate of cell division when compare to control on the contrary higher of the effluent showed negative effects on mitotic division in somatic cells of Garlic.

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Section: * Corresponding Authormentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotoxic effect of distillery effluent on root tip cells of Allium sativum L.

2015

J App Biol Biotech

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“…As the metal concentrations in plant tissues rise, different mechanisms can be used to manage the stress before the sudden onset of chronic toxicity (Macnair and Baker, 1994). Physiological and metabolic biomarkers are often early indicators of stress and can add information about the degree of chemical exposure at the organism level (Cormier and Daniel, 1994;Ernst and Peterson, 1994;Vangronsveld et al, 1996). Changes in plant metabolism can be a response to dose and exposure that could be used to assess the classification of soil quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper toxicity in young maize (Zea mays L.) plants: effects on growth, mineral and chlorophyll contents, and enzyme activities

Mocquot¹,

Vangronsveld²,

Clijsters³

et al. 1996

Plant Soil

199

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Changes in the growth parameters and in enzyme activities were studied in roots and leaves of 14-days old maize grown in a nutrient solution containing various copper concentrations (i.e. 0.01 to 10 #M). A significant decrease in root and leaf biomass was only found at 10 #M Cu. In contrast, changes in several enzyme activities occured at lower copper concentrations in the solution, corresponding to different threshold values which are lower than those observed for growth parameters. Peroxidase (POD) activity significantly increased in all investigated plant organs (i.e. 3rd-leaf, 4th-leaf and roots) in relation to their copper content. Additionally, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH), and isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) activities decreased in the leaves, especially in the 4th-leaf. However, the activity of malic enzyme (ME), G-6-PDH, glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and ICDH increased with the copper content in roots. According to the relationship between POD activity and copper content, the toxic critical value was set at 26 mg Cu per kg dry matter (DM) in roots and 21 mg Cu per kg DM in the 3rd-leaf. In roots, a new isoenzyme of peroxidase appeared for copper content above 12.6 mg Cu kg DM -~ . Measurement of enzyme activity, especially that of POD and Cu-specific changes in the (iso)peroxidase pattern, might be used as biomarkers to assess the phytotoxicity for maize grown on copper-contaminated substrata.

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“…Biochemical parameters tend to be called biomark-Ž ers if measured in static assays see recent reviews by Depledge and Fossi, 1994;Ernst and Peterson, 1994;Lagadic et al, 1994;Peakall, 1994;Peakall and Walker, . 1994 .…”

Section: Biochemical Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Van der Weiden et al, 1993 . Since good reviews have been published recently, we will not Ž elaborate on these parameters here Evans et al, 1986;Rawson et al, 1989;Depledge and Fossi, 1994;Ernst and Peterson, 1994;Lagadic et al, 1994;Peakall, 1994;. Peakall and Walker, 1994 . …”

Section: Biochemical Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal modeling and monitoring in ecotoxicological assessments: Choosing instruments for applied research and management with examples from the Rhine-Meuse delta

Hendriks

Guchte

1997

Environ. Toxicol. Water Qual.

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Ecotoxicological management and research have several instruments at their disposal. A discriminatory is made between monitoring of chemical, biochemical, toxicological and ecological parameters, and modeling at a simple, intermediate, and complex level. Their usefulness is discussed and illustrated by examples from the Rhine‐Meuse delta. Each type of instrument has its own benefits. In simple cases, application of one instrument will do. More often, however, the objectives set, the compounds concerned, and the species involved require a combination of tools to be used. Chemical and biochemical parameters are oriented around sources and concentrations of well‐known priority substances. Toxicological and ecological variables, on the other hand, are directed toward species and the impact of these compounds and other factors as well. In the Rhine‐Meuse delta, contamination decreases and more refined instruments are needed to pick out the compounds and species that should get our attention most. An intermediate level of modeling is considered the next logical step after application of simple rules of thumb. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Environ Toxicol Water Qual 12: 321–333, 1997.

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The role of biomarkers in environmental assessment (4). Terrestrial plants

Cited by 66 publications

References 53 publications

Genotoxic effect of distillery effluent on root tip cells of Allium sativum L.

Genotoxic effect of distillery effluent on root tip cells of Allium sativum L.

Copper toxicity in young maize (Zea mays L.) plants: effects on growth, mineral and chlorophyll contents, and enzyme activities

Optimal modeling and monitoring in ecotoxicological assessments: Choosing instruments for applied research and management with examples from the Rhine-Meuse delta

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