The Role of Bone Marrow and Visceral Fat on Bone Metabolism

Sheu, Yahtyng; Cauley, Jane A.

doi:10.1007/s11914-011-0051-6

Cited by 88 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Many low-grade inflammatory conditions are associated with low bone density, and inhibition of inflammation may protect against inflammation-induced bone loss [1][2][3][4]. Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural polyphenolic compound (3,5,4 0 -trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) present in, for example, nuts and the skin of grapes, where it protects the plants against pathogens and other external stressors of the plant [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resveratrol Increases Osteoblast Differentiation In Vitro Independently of Inflammation

et al. 2016

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Low-grade inflammation negatively affects bone. Resveratrol is a natural compound proven to possess both anti-inflammatory and bone protective properties. However, it is uncertain if the bone effects are mediated though anti-inflammatory effects. Firstly, we investigated if resveratrol affects proliferation and differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Secondly, we investigated if inflammation negatively affects proliferation and differentiation, and if resveratrol counteracts this through anti-inflammatory effects. Mesenchymal stem cells were obtained from bone marrow aspiration in 13 healthy individuals and cultured towards the osteoblast cell lineage. The cells were stimulated with resveratrol, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS + resveratrol, or vehicle (control) for 21 days. Compared to control, resveratrol decreased cell number by 35 % (p < 0.05) and induced differentiation (a 3-fold increase in alkaline phosphatase (p < 0.002), while P1NP and OPG showed similar trends). LPS induced inflammation with a 44-fold increase in interleukin-6 (p < 0.05) and an extremely prominent increase in interleukin-8 production (p < 0.05) relative to control. In addition, LPS increased cell count (p < 0.05) and decreased differentiation (a reduction in P1NP production (p < 0.02)). Co-stimulation with LPS + resveratrol did not reduce interleukin-6 or interleukin-8, but nonetheless, cell count was reduced (p < 0.05) and alkaline phosphatase, P1NP, and OPG increased (p < 0.05 for all). Thus, resveratrol stimulates osteoblast differentiation independently of inflammation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resveratrol Increases Osteoblast Differentiation In Vitro Independently of Inflammation

et al. 2016

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“…However, no such association was found between overall adiposity and MAT 42 . Interestingly MAT is increased in patients with anorexia nervosa, characterized by extreme weight loss 43 , and MAT can recover to normal levels once weight is normalised 33 .…”

Section: <Figure 7 Near Here>mentioning

confidence: 74%

“…MAT was thought for a long time to be metabolically inert; however, recent studies have begun to reassess the role of fat cell in bone, with 1 H MRS playing an important role in this process [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] .…”

Section: Bone Marrowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body Fat MRS

Thomas

Bell

2015

eMagRes

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Dr E Louise Thomas obtained her PhD in vivo 13 C MRS from the University of London in 1996. She worked for many years at the Robert Steiner MRI Unit at the Hammersmith Hospital on the development and application of in vivo MR techniques to the study of adipose tissue composition, content and distribution. She has also worked extensively on the non-invasive study of ectopic fat, particularly liver fat and has published over 80 peerreviewed articles in this area. She has recently been appointed as a Senior Lecturer at the University of Westminster.Professor Jimmy D Bell completed his PhD in Biochemistry in 1987 (London). He has worked extensively on the development and application of in vivo MR techniques for the study of disease development, with especial focus on adipose tissue and liver metabolism. He joined the MRC Clinical Sciences Centre (Imperial College London) in the mid-1990s, where he was appointed Group Head. He recently moved to the University of Westminster to establish a new Research Centre for Optimal Health (ReCOH). He has published over 190 peer-reviewed papers and authored over a dozen chapters for scientific books.Keywords: body fat, adipose tissue, magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy; bone marrow; visceral; subcutaneous; 2 AbstractThe increasing levels of obesity, and its associated co-morbidities, have prompted a reassessment of the techniques used for assessing body fat, including content, distribution and composition. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is amongst the many invaluable in vivo tools available today to evaluate the role of body fat in health and disease. However, although MRS has become a powerful technique for assessing ectopic fat in vivo, it has had limited use in other areas of research associated with body fat. MRS has found some success as a fast method to determine whole body adiposity in rodent models of disease, as well as a noninvasive method of obtaining an index of the overall composition of body fat in human subjects. Its more significant use has been in the understanding of bone marrow fat content, where important advances have been made, especially in longitudinal studies. In conclusion, in the area of body fat, MRS continues to be an adjunct technique to more precise and versatile MRI methods.

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“…BMD correlates with age and in the spine decreases by about 20% between 40 and 70 years (7,15) . Histomorphometric studies have shown that skeletal blood flow is correlated with output rate of osteoblasts (6,16,17,18) . Atherosclerosis causes endothelial dysfunction, which can reduce the release of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, limiting osteoblast formation or decreasing the anabolic effect of bone (19,20) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhomogeneous osteoporotic changes of vertebrae with hormone replacement therapy

Aktaş¹,

Günyeli²,

Parpar³

et al. 2015

Sakarya Med J

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Amaç: Manyetik rezonans (MR) görüntüleme kullanarak menapoz sonrası hormon tedavisi ile bel omurgasında oluşan fizyolojik değişiklikleri incelemek Gereç ve Yöntem: Menopoz sonrası 110 kadın hastaya kemik mineral yoğunluğu (KMY) ölçümü ve standart lomber MRG tetkiki yapıldı. Hastalar KMY ölçümüne göre normal, osteopeni ve osteoporoz olarak guruplara ayırıldı. Ayrıca bu hastalar hormon tedavisi alan ve hormon tedavisi almayan olarak da iki gruba ayırıldı. Lomber MR tetkikinde orta sagital düzlemde T1 ve T2 ağırlıklı sekanslardan her lomber vertebranın merkezine ilgili alan birimi (ROI) yerleştirilerek sinyal değerleri ölçüldü ve ortalamaları hesaplandı. Lomber MR verilerinden elde edilen ortalama sinyal değerleri ile yaş ve KMY değerleri Pearson korelasyon katsayısı kullanılarak incelendi.w Bulgular: Tüm menapoz sonrası ve hormon tedavisi almayan olgularda lomber vertebra MR sinyal değerleri ile KMY değerleri arasında korelasyon bulunmamıştır. Ancak hormon tedavisi alan menapoz sonrası kadınlarda minimal korelasyon saptanmıştır. KMY değerleri ile yaş arasında negatif korelasyon varken T1 ve T2 ağırlıklı sinyal değerlerinin yaş ile ilişkili olmadığı bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Bel omurlarının merkezinin daha fazla vasküler yapı içermesi nedeniyle HRT alanların osteoporozdan daha geç ve az etkilendiği düşünülmüştür. Bu çalışma, hormon tedavisinin menapoz sonrasında kompresyon kırıklarından koruyabileceğini gösterebilir.

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The Role of Bone Marrow and Visceral Fat on Bone Metabolism

Cited by 88 publications

References 49 publications

Resveratrol Increases Osteoblast Differentiation In Vitro Independently of Inflammation

Resveratrol Increases Osteoblast Differentiation In Vitro Independently of Inflammation

Body Fat MRS

Inhomogeneous osteoporotic changes of vertebrae with hormone replacement therapy

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