The Role of Calcareous Soils in SCC of X52 Pipeline Steel

Contreras, A.; Quej-Aké, L.; Lizárraga, C. R.; Pérez, Tomás A.

doi:10.1557/opl.2015.416

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This technique provides useful information on SCC susceptibility of the actual pipeline steels exposed to external and internal solutions, in addition to a relatively short experimental time to evaluate SCC susceptibility of metal materials [ 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ]. There are several mobile constant extension rate machines used in the SSRT to determine SCC susceptibility of metals exposed to corrosive environments [ 59 , 60 ].…”

Section: A Review Of the Scc Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SCC testing is related to pit-crack transition processes including microvoids and other types of discontinuities, as is shown in Figure 3 [ 59 ]. Thus, unpredictable pits-cracks initiation and propagation including the plastic deformation, tensile residual stresses (stress intensity parameter), and corrosion fatigue and the stage of SCC models are taken into consideration [ 59 , 173 , 174 , 175 , 176 , 177 , 178 , 179 , 180 , 181 , 182 ].…”

Section: A Review Of the Scc Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data acquired from the reviewed experimental part are documented in Table 2 , Table 3 , Table 4 , Table 5 and Table 6 . Table 2 and Table 3 are related to reviewed physicochemical properties [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 9 , 11 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 59 , 124 , 125 , 126 , 127 , 128 , 129 , 130 , 131 , 132 , 133 , 134 , 135 , 136 , 137 , 138 , 139 , 140 , 141 , 142 , 143 , 144 , 145 , 146 , 147 , 148 , 149 , 150 , 151 , 152 , 153 , 154 , 155 , 156 , …”

Section: Parameters Reported In the Literature Regarding The Extermentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Schematic representation of the pit to crack transition [ 59 ]. ( a ) pit initiation, ( b ) pit growth, ( c ) crack start, and ( d ) final crack.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of the Physicochemical, Mechanical, and Electrochemical Parameters and Their Impact on the Internal and External SCC of Carbon Steel Pipelines

et al. 2020

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The review presented herein is regarding the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) phenomena of carbon steel pipelines affected by the corrosive electrolytes that comes from external (E) and internal (I) environments, as well as the susceptibility and tensile stress on the SCC. Some useful tools are presented including essential aspects for determining and describing the E-SCC and I-SCC in oil and gas pipelines. Therefore, this study aims to present a comprehensive and critical review of a brief experimental summary, and a comparison of physicochemical, mechanical, and electrochemical data affecting external and internal SCC in carbon steel pipelines exposed to corrosive media have been conducted. The SCC, hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC), hydrogen embrittlement, and sulfide stress cracking (SSC) are attributed to the pH, and to hydrogen becoming more corrosive by combining external and internal sources promoting cracking, such as sulfide compounds, acidic soils, acidic atmospheric compounds, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, organic acids (acetic acid, mainly), bacteria induced corrosion, cathodic polarization, among others. SCC growth is a reaction between the microstructural, chemical, and mechanical effects and it depends on the external and internal environmental sources promoting unpredictable cracks and fractures. In some cases, E-SCC could be initiated by hydrogen that comes from the over-voltage during the cathodic protection processes. I-SCC could be activated by over-operating pressure and temperature at flowing media during the production, gathering, storage and transportation of wet hydrocarbons through pipelines. The mechanical properties related to I-SCC were higher in comparison with those reviewed by E-SCC, suggesting that pipelines suffer more susceptibility to I-SCC. When a pipeline is designed, the internal fluid being transported (changes of environments) and the external environment concerning SCC should be considered. This review offers a good starting point for newcomers into the field, it is written as a tutorial, and covers a large number of basic standards in the area.

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Section: A Review Of the Scc Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Review Of the Scc Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Parameters Reported In the Literature Regarding The Extermentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Schematic representation of the pit to crack transition [ 59 ]. ( a ) pit initiation, ( b ) pit growth, ( c ) crack start, and ( d ) final crack.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of the Physicochemical, Mechanical, and Electrochemical Parameters and Their Impact on the Internal and External SCC of Carbon Steel Pipelines

et al. 2020

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“…Only few microcracks were observed in the gage section of X52 samples tested in NS4 solution with pH5. Sometimes the cracks initiate from pitting, the conditions of stress and geometry of the pits, permit to evolved cracks from the bottom of the pits 30 .…”

Section: Surface Fracture Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Noise for Detection of Stress Corrosion Cracking of Low Carbon Steel Exposed to Synthetic Soil Solution

2017

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In the last years, electrochemical noise (EN) has demonstrate that is capable of detect the initiation of cracks during the slow strain rate tests (SSRT). In this research, EN has been used as a tool to detect stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in low carbon steel (X52) exposed to a synthetic soil solution called NS4 at room temperature with pH of 5, 8 and 10. The electrochemical potential and current noise were measured simultaneously during SSRT. Relation between EN and SCC process was analyzed. EN readings of current consisted of transients with high intensity and frequency during all SSRT tests. EN readings of potential at the maximum strength (UTS) and before fracture, increase intensity and amplitude of the transients, attributed to beginning of cracking. Localized index (LI) values indicate a mix corrosion type (general and localized corrosion) during SSRT tests. According to SCC index obtained from mechanical properties, it is clear that X52 steel has low SCC susceptibility. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations were carried out in the fracture surface and longitudinal sections. The specimens tested in NS4 solution with pH 5 were the most likely to present SCC, additionally in this condition a brittle fracture with transgranular appearance was observed.

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Modeling 3D finite element analysis of a semi-elliptical crack on stress corrosion cracking of API X52 pipeline

Terán,

Capula-Colindres,

Velázquez

et al. 2024

Forces in Mechanics

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The Role of Calcareous Soils in SCC of X52 Pipeline Steel

Cited by 9 publications

References 19 publications

Analysis of the Physicochemical, Mechanical, and Electrochemical Parameters and Their Impact on the Internal and External SCC of Carbon Steel Pipelines

Analysis of the Physicochemical, Mechanical, and Electrochemical Parameters and Their Impact on the Internal and External SCC of Carbon Steel Pipelines

Electrochemical Noise for Detection of Stress Corrosion Cracking of Low Carbon Steel Exposed to Synthetic Soil Solution

Modeling 3D finite element analysis of a semi-elliptical crack on stress corrosion cracking of API X52 pipeline

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