The Role of Calcium Supplementation in the Treatment of Hypertension

Grobbee, D. E.; Waal‐Manning, Hendrika J.

doi:10.2165/00003495-199039010-00002

Cited by 31 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…38,42 For one trial, we contacted the authors to obtain additional data. 26 For two other trials, 24,47 we derived data from a meta-analysis 6 and a review, 9 respectively.…”

Section: Extraction Of Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[4][5][6] Because of heterogeneity in BP response among subjects, however, it cannot be excluded that an adequate intake of calcium is important for the prevention of hypertension in specific populations or population subgroups. [7][8][9][10][11][12] We performed an updated metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials of calcium supplementation and BP, which had sufficient power to detect small treatment effects with high precision. Furthermore, we performed meta-analyses in strata of subject characteristics to examine in more detail heterogeneity of BP response to calcium intake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blood pressure response to calcium supplementation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

et al. 2006

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Calcium plays a role in blood pressure (BP) regulation, but the importance of supplemental calcium intake for the prevention of hypertension is still debated. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to determine the effect of calcium supplementation on BP. A systematic search for randomized trials of calcium supplementation and BP in non-pregnant subjects was performed in Medline from 1966 to June 2003. Seventy-one trials were identified, 40 of which met the criteria for meta-analysis (total of 2492 subjects). Two persons independently extracted data from original publications on changes in calcium intake and BP. In addition, data were collected on subjects' characteristics, that is, age, gender, initial BP and initial calcium intake. A random effects model was used to obtain the effect of calcium supplementation on BP, overall and in predefined population subgroups. Calcium supplementation (mean daily dose: 1200 mg) reduced systolic BP by À1.86 mm Hg (95% confidence interval: À2.91 to À0.81) and diastolic BP by À0.99 mm Hg (À1.61 to À0.37). In people with a relatively low calcium intake (p800 mg per day) somewhat larger BP estimates were obtained, that is, À2.63 (À4.03 to À1.24) for systolic BP and À1.30 (À2.13 to À0.47) for diastolic BP. Our study suggests that an adequate intake of calcium should be recommended for the prevention of hypertension. More research on BP in people with calcium-deficient diets is warranted.

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“…38,42 For one trial, we contacted the authors to obtain additional data. 26 For two other trials, 24,47 we derived data from a meta-analysis 6 and a review, 9 respectively.…”

Section: Extraction Of Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood pressure response to calcium supplementation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

et al. 2006

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“…Meta-analyses of trials in nonpregnant adults found evidence for only a small effect of calcium supplementation on blood pressure (21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26). This pattern of findings suggests that although the blood pressure-lowering effect of a diet rich in calcium may be substantial, the effect of calcium supplementation is small.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary calcium, calcium supplementation, and blood pressure in African American adolescents

Dwyer

Scribner

et al. 1998

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Background: Intake of calcium from the diet is inversely associated with blood pressure in observational studies and animal models but randomized trials in humans have found only small effects of calcium supplementation on blood pressure. A blood pressure-lowering effect of calcium supplementation may thus be restricted to persons with a low intake of calcium from the diet and specific genetic or other characteristics. Objective: A randomized trial was conducted to assess the effect of calcium supplementation on blood pressure in African American adolescents. Rapid growth during adolescence may increase calcium requirements, and avoidance of milk and milk products by some African Americans can result in low intake of calcium. Design: One hundred sixteen adolescents (65 girls, 51 boys; mean age: 15.8 y) were given calcium (1.5 g/d) or placebo for 8 wk in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design. Blood pressure was measured after 2, 4, and 8 wk. Dietary calcium was determined with a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Results: The net effect (± SE) of calcium supplementation on diastolic blood pressure was a reduction of 1.9 ± 1.1 mm Hg (P = 0.04, one-tailed t test). Blood pressure reduction was greater in adolescents with lower intake of calcium from the diet (P = 0.003, one-tailed t test for interaction): Ϫ4.9 ± 1.6, Ϫ2.3 ± 1.6, and 1.4 ± 1.8 mm Hg for change in the lower (0.024-0.067 g Ca/MJ), middle (0.069-0.091 g Ca/MJ), and upper (0.093-0.217 g Ca/MJ) tertiles, respectively. No main effect on systolic blood pressure was detected. Conclusion: These findings suggest that calcium supplementation may lower diastolic blood pressure in African American adolescents with low dietary intakes of calcium.Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68:648-55.

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“…On the contrary, dietary calcium deficiency causes an increase in ABP and potentiates the pressor effect of sodium-enriched diets [see reviews in refs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parathyroid Hormone and Calcitriol in Hypertension Caused by Dietary Calcium Deficiency in Rats

López‐Miranda

Civantos²,

Blasco³

et al. 1998

J Vasc Res

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Hypertension caused by calcium deficiency in the diet has been linked with an increase in parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitriol levels. We evaluated arterial blood pressure (ABP), PTH, and calcitriol in normotensive Sprague-Dawley rats (SDR) and in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) fed from weaning on a control diet with a normal calcium content (1%) or a low-calcium diet (0.1%). The calcemia was also measured in the rats by colorimetric methods. The low-calcium diet decreased the calcemia in both strains and brought about an increase in the ABP which was significant in adult SDR and particularly noticeable during the early hypertensive phase in SHR. The rats fed on this diet had higher hormonal plasma levels when compared with the corresponding values in rats fed on the control diet. In particular, the SDR fed on the low-calcium diet showed much higher PTH (122.6 ± 31.0 pg/ml, p ≤ 0.05) and calcitriol (458.0 ± 13.1 pg/ml, p ≤ 0.01) values than the SDR fed on the control diet (PTH 31.7 ± 2.80 pg/ml; calcitriol 292.1 ± 17.5 pg/ml). These endocrine alterations could justify the increase in ABP caused by dietary calcium deficiency in normotensive rats. Nevertheless, the results of this study indicate that the modifications of the ABP caused by the low-calcium diet in SHR could not be correlated with significant increases in these hormones.

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The Role of Calcium Supplementation in the Treatment of Hypertension

Cited by 31 publications

References 72 publications

Blood pressure response to calcium supplementation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Blood pressure response to calcium supplementation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Dietary calcium, calcium supplementation, and blood pressure in African American adolescents

Parathyroid Hormone and Calcitriol in Hypertension Caused by Dietary Calcium Deficiency in Rats

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