The role of calorific waste in transformation of iron and steel industry towards sustainable production

Possibilities of RDF Pyrolysis Products Utilization in the Face of the Energy Crisis

“…As revealed by literature sources, the iron and steel industries have great potential and opportunities to increase their energy efficiency, reduce carbon dioxide emissions and, as a result, promote sustainable development by replacing conventional fuels used in metallurgical processes with alternative fuels, including biomass (Figure 2) [20]. As revealed by literature sources, the iron and steel industries have great potential and opportunities to increase their energy efficiency, reduce carbon dioxide emissions and, as a result, promote sustainable development by replacing conventional fuels used in metallurgical processes with alternative fuels, including biomass (Figure 2) [20]. The idea of linear and circular economy in the metallurgical sector [8].…”

“…The possibility of reducing the consumption of natural gas for heating furnaces, which will translate into economic benefits [20,67].…”

“…The management of surplus RDF production has economic, According to Szwaja et al [67], it is possible to use gas obtained from thermal conversion (in this case from the torrefaction of biomass) for energy purposes in the metallurgical industry. The authors [20] proposed a concept of using torgas for firing pusher furnaces in the process of co-combustion with natural and coke-oven gases. The paper has shown that, despite low calorific value of torgas (6 MJ/Nm 3 ), its energy use offers economic benefits and, additionally, biochar is produced during the process, which can be used at other stages of iron and steel production.…”

“…Unfortunately, the price of this gas has also increased almost 3 times (0.21 EUR). Taking into account the calorific value of gas from the pyrolysis of RDF, which varies from 20 to even 30 MJ/m 3 [10,26,44,97], one can consider the use of pyrolysis gas for pre-heating furnaces before the plastic processing of metals [20]. Figure 13 compares the calorific values of conventional gaseous fuels with those of pyrolysis gas obtained from the pyrolysis of RDF.…”

“…The paper has shown that, despite low calorific value of torgas (6 MJ/Nm 3 ), its energy use offers economic benefits and, additionally, biochar is produced during the process, which can be used at other stages of iron and steel production. The use of gases from the thermal conversion of waste, for example pyrolysis, where the calorific value is much higher than in the case of torgas, may contribute to reducing the consumption of natural gas, which will ultimately allow the diversification of fuel and energy sources, while bringing measurable economic and environmental benefits [20,67].…”