The role of carbohydrate counting in glycemic control and oxidative stress in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)

Kostopoulou, Eirini; Livada, Ioulia; Partsalaki, Ioanna; Lamari, Fotini N.; Skiadopoulos, Spyros; Gil, Andrea Paola Rojas; Spiliotis, Bessie E.

doi:10.1007/s42000-020-00189-8

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Another interesting finding in our study is that although insulin therapy resulted in an obvious increase in the serum levels of CAT, GSH, and Vitamin E compared to the untreated diabetic group, its effect on MDA was not significant. In line with our study, Kostopoulou et al (2020) exhibited a significant increase in antioxidant capacity without any changes in MDA level following eight months of insulin treatment. In the case of our patients, hyperglycaemia may have resulted in elevated free radicals and lipid peroxidation through glucose autoxidation (Kocic et al 2007).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Oxidative stress has actually been considered one of the primary pathogenic processes in the development of diabetes and can play an essential role in the emergence of many late consequences, including cardiovascular, renal, and nervous system diseases (Ceriello 2000;Osawa and Kato 2005;Daneman 2006; Maiese et al 2007). The harmful effects of ROS are counteracted by endogenous enzymatic (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)) and non-enzymatic (GSH, vitamin C and vitamin E) antioxidants (Hanchang et al 2019;Kostopoulou et al 2020;Almulathanon et al 2021). SOD combats ROS by converting superoxide anion to hydrogen peroxide and oxygen, while catalase converts hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation the effects of insulin on oxidant/antioxidant status in type 1 diabetic patients

Almulathanon¹,

Mohammad²,

Allwash³

2021

PHAR

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Earlier works have revealed increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased antioxidant levels in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The current study aimed to investigate the effect of mixed insulin therapy on oxidative stress and antioxidant status in patients with T1DM. This study involved 75 participants who were divided into three groups: 20 healthy subjects as a control, 25 newly diagnosed patients with T1DM (without treatment) and 30 patients with T1DM treated with insulin (regular and Human Neutral Protamine Hagedorn (NPH)) twice daily. Fasting serum glucose (FSG), serum concentrations of insulin, malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), and vitamins (C and E) were measured in all participants. Compared with the healthy control, serum glucose and MDA concentrations were observed to be significantly higher, while significantly lower concentrations of CAT, GSH, and vitamins (C and E) were found in both the treated and untreated diabetic groups. Although insulin therapy caused a significant decrease in blood sugar with a marked elevation in the levels of insulin, CAT, GSH and vitamin E compared to the untreated patients, the changes in the levels of MDA and vitamin C between diabetic groups were not significant. Moreover, the level of insulin resistance was significantly increased in insulin-treated patients as compared to the control and untreated diabetic groups. In conclusion, twice daily treatment with regular and NPH insulin can ameliorate hyperglycemia and improve antioxidant levels in patients with T1DM. However, the insulin regimen used in this study did not reveal a beneficial effect on oxidative stress and insulin resistance. Hence, exogenous antioxidants (vitamins C and E) can be used in combination with insulin to control these parameters.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation the effects of insulin on oxidant/antioxidant status in type 1 diabetic patients

Almulathanon¹,

Mohammad²,

Allwash³

2021

PHAR

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“…The included studies ( Table 1 ), were comprised of 4 randomized controlled trials, one prospective controlled trial, one prepost trial, and 3 observational studies (prospective crosssectional and retrospective longitudinal study), with a total of 606 participants [ 11 - 19 ]. All of the studies were conducted at various locations within Europe and the United States.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nutritional outcomes extracted from the included studies were the LDL cholesterol changes and BMI changes in both groups. Only 5 studies reported the changes in LDL values [ 11 , 13 , 14 , 18 , 19 ], while only 4 studies reported BMI changes [ 11 , 16 - 18 ]. Gökşen et al reported a lower increasing level of LDL concentration in the intervention group as compared to that in the control group (mean differences [MD], 15.26±5.81 vs. 18.22±6.17) after 2 years of follow-up.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 3 inclusion studies in the meta-analysis had a cumulative mean difference of 0.53 (95% CI, -5.62 to -0.30), which was not significant between the intervention and control groups. Kostopoulou et al [ 19 ] found that there was no significant change in the lipid profile of LDL, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and cholesterol after using the carbohydrate counting intervention. The LDL levels before and after the intervention were 84 mg/dL and 87 mg/dL, respectively ( P =0.937).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbohydrate counting implementation on pediatric type 1 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis

Wiyono,

Ghitha,

Clarisa

et al. 2023

Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab

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Purpose: Type 1 diabetes mellitus, which is the most common type of diabetes among children, is not curable but can be managed well without a negative effect on quality of life. One of the treatments of type 1 diabetes mellitus is carbohydrate counting. This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to evaluate the efficacy of carbohydrate counting with regard to hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) reduction in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.Methods: Nine studies were assessed, with the primary outcome being glycemic control (HbA1c changes). We searched the following electronic databases: ProQuest, PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. The quality of studies included was assessed using the risk of bias for randomized control trials and the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for observational and cross-sectional studies. Quantitative analyses were made and extrapolated into a forest plot.Results: A total of 1,693 articles were identified. Four reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts. Of the 36 articles screened, 34 articles were found to be eligible. Of these, 25 studies were excluded because of unsuitable outcomes and study designs. Nine articles were included in the final analysis. Meta-analysis showed that there was a reduction in HbA1c in the carbohydrate counting group as compared to the control group. The cumulative effect of carbohydrate counting on HbA1c was a mean difference of -0.55 (95% confidence interval, -0.81 to -0.28, P<0.001). All of the studies exhibited similar results with the mean difference reduction favoring the interventional group. However, the heterogeneity analysis revealed an I2 value of 88%, implying high heterogeneity in the meta-analysis.Conclusion: The meta-analysis showed evidence favoring the use of carbohydrate counting in the management of type 1 diabetes mellitus.

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Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase content in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Bykov,

Baturin

2023

Sibirskij nauchnyj medicinskij zhurnal

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Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is one of the most frequently diagnosed chronic diseases of childhood. Oxidative stress (OS) is considered as one of the possible mechanisms of its development and complications. The aim of the study was to analyze the content of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GP) in children and adolescents with adequately controlled T1D.Material and methods. A total of 58 children were examined, including 34 children with type 1 diabetes (study group) and 24 conditionally healthy children (control group). The content of glycated hemoglobin, blood plasma glucose per day, post-prandial glucose, total protein, creatinine and urea were determined by conventional methods, as well as the level of SOD and GP in the blood serum by ELISA.Results and discussion. A significant decrease in the content of both enzymes was found in type 1 DM patients compared to conditionally healthy children. In patients with the chronic form of the disease, SOD and GP level was significantly lower than in patients with incident T1D. An inverse correlation was revealed between the antioxidant enzymes level on the one hand and age, duration of the disease, and the number of episodes with a poor glucose history on the other hand. The decrease in SOD and GP concentration was associated with an increase in glycated hemoglobin and plasma glucose level over a 24-hour period in patients with chronic type SD 1. The decrease in SOD concentrations was associated with an increase in glycated hemoglobin in patients with T1D chronic type. The discovered abnormalities indicate that decreased antioxidant enzyme level represent a manifestation of OS in patients with adequately controlled type 1 DM.Conclusions. Content of antioxidant enzymes in children with T1D provides an important criterion for the assessment of OS manifestations in this disease.

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The role of carbohydrate counting in glycemic control and oxidative stress in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)

Cited by 6 publications

References 32 publications

Evaluation the effects of insulin on oxidant/antioxidant status in type 1 diabetic patients

Evaluation the effects of insulin on oxidant/antioxidant status in type 1 diabetic patients

Carbohydrate counting implementation on pediatric type 1 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis

Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase content in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus

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