The Role of Carbonic Anhydrase in Photosynthesis

Badger, Murray R.; Price, G. Dean

doi:10.1146/annurev.pp.45.060194.002101

Cited by 696 publications

(334 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…From the fourth to the tenth cultivation day, CO2 concentration remained below 0.2 µM (Fig. 4c), which is much smaller than the Km for RUBISCO of most C3 plants (5). Thus, the activity of the internal enzyme was increased as a mechanism to increase CO2 concentration around RUBISCO (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Extra and intracelular activities of carbonic anhydrase of the marine microalga Tetraselmis gracilis (Chlorophyta)

Rigobello-Masini¹,

Aidar²,

Masini³

2003

Braz. J. Microbiol.

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The activities of extra and intracellular carbonic anhydrases (CA) were studied in the microalgae Tetraselmis gracilis (Kylin) Butcher (Chlorophyta, Prasinophyceae) growing in laboratory cultivation. During ten days of batch cultivation, daily determinations of pH, cell number, enzymatic activity, and total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), as well as its main species, CO2 and HCO3 -, were performed. Enzymatic activity increased as the growing cell population depleted inorganic carbon from the medium. Carbon dioxide concentration decreased quickly, especially in the third day of cultivation, when a significant increase of the intracellular enzymatic activity was observed. Bicarbonate concentration had its largest decrease in the cultivation medium in the fourth day, when the activity of the extracellular enzyme had its largest increase, suggesting its use by the alga through CA activity. After the fourth cultivation day, half of the cultures were aerated with CO2-free atmospheric air, which caused an increase in the total and external activity of the enzyme, although, in this condition, the stationary growth phase began earlier than in cultures aerated with atmospheric air. The pH of the media was measured daily, increasing from the first to the fourth day, and remaining almost constant until the end of the cultivation. Algal material transferred to the dark lost all enzymatic activity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Extra and intracelular activities of carbonic anhydrase of the marine microalga Tetraselmis gracilis (Chlorophyta)

Rigobello-Masini¹,

Aidar²,

Masini³

2003

Braz. J. Microbiol.

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“…The induction of a CCM involves the active uptake of CO 2 and/or bicarbonate (HCO 3 − ) and the activity of extraand/or intracellular carbonic anhydrase (CA), an enzyme that catalyses the reversible dehydration of HCO 3 − to CO 2 and vice versa. Extracellular CA is thought to sustain inorganic carbon uptake by generating CO 2 at the cell surface, a process that is of particular importance under low CO 2 conditions (Badger and Price, 1994;Hopkinson et al, 2013). As active uptake of HCO 3 − and CO 2 results in the concentration of inorganic carbon inside cells in excess of that in seawater, the ability for phytoplankton to minimise the CO 2 loss out of the cell also represents an important component of the CCM (Rost et al, 2006).…”

Section: Ocean Acidification -Ph and Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Southern Ocean phytoplankton physiology in a changing climate

Petrou

Kranz

Trimborn

et al. 2016

Journal of Plant Physiology

119

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Please cite this article in press as: Petrou, K., et al., Southern Ocean phytoplankton physiology in a changing climate. J Plant Physiol (2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2016.05.004 ARTICLE IN PRESS a b s t r a c tThe Southern Ocean (SO) is a major sink for anthropogenic atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), potentially harbouring even greater potential for additional sequestration of CO 2 through enhanced phytoplankton productivity. In the SO, primary productivity is primarily driven by bottom up processes (physical and chemical conditions) which are spatially and temporally heterogeneous. Due to a paucity of trace metals (such as iron) and high variability in light, much of the SO is characterised by an ecological paradox of high macronutrient concentrations yet uncharacteristically low chlorophyll concentrations. It is expected that with increased anthropogenic CO 2 emissions and the coincident warming, the major physical and chemical process that govern the SO will alter, influencing the biological capacity and functioning of the ecosystem. This review focuses on the SO primary producers and the bottom up processes that underpin their health and productivity. It looks at the major physico-chemical drivers of change in the SO, and based on current physiological knowledge, explores how these changes will likely manifest in phytoplankton, specifically, what are the physiological changes and floristic shifts that are likely to ensue and how this may translate into changes in the carbon sink capacity, net primary productivity and functionality of the SO.

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“…Chlamydomonas genes are highly expressed during growth in air, a circumstance under which the so-called CCM is activated (36,(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44). These include genes coding for a periplasmic carbonic anhydrase Cah1 (36,38), the mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase mtCA (32,45), and the chloroplast envelope protein LIP-36 (33,46).…”

Section: Involved In the Carbon Concentrating Mechanism (Ccm) Manymentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of the Rhesus protein Rh1 impairs growth of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii at high CO ₂

Soupène

Inwood

Kustu

2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

165

137

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Although Rhesus (Rh) proteins are best known as antigens on human red blood cells, they are not restricted to red cells or to mammals, and hence their primary biochemical functions can be studied in more tractable organisms. We previously established that the Rh1 protein of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is highly expressed in cultures bubbled with air containing high CO 2 (3%), conditions under which Chlamydomonas grows rapidly. By RNA interference, we have now obtained Chlamydomonas rh mutants (epigenetic), which are among the first in nonhuman cells. These mutants have essentially no mRNA or protein for RH1 and grow slowly at high CO 2, apparently because they fail to equilibrate this gas rapidly. They grow as well as their parental strain in air and on acetate plus air. However, during growth on acetate, rh1 mutants fail to express three proteins that are known to be down-regulated by high CO 2: periplasmic and mitochondrial carbonic anhydrases and a chloroplast envelope protein. This effect is parsimoniously rationalized if the small amounts of Rh1 protein present in acetate-grown cells of the parental strain facilitate leakage of CO 2 generated internally. Together, these results support our hypothesis that the Rh1 protein is a bidirectional channel for the gas CO 2. Our previous studies in a variety of organisms indicate that the only other members of the Rh superfamily, the ammonium͞methylammonium transport proteins, are bidirectional channels for the gas NH 3. Physiologically, both types of gas channels can apparently function in acquisition of nutrients and͞or waste disposal.T he Rhesus (Rh) blood group substance, one of the most abundant proteins in red cell membranes, was discovered over six decades ago (1). It is composed of the two antigenic Rh30 proteins and the Rh-associated glycoprotein, RhAG (2-9), which is most closely related to the ancestor of all other Rh proteins (ref. 8 and J. Peng and C.-H. Huang, personal communication). The biochemical function of Rh proteins, which are predicted to have 12 transmembrane-spanning segments, remains controversial (10-12). Human RhAG was reported to be an ammonium import͞methylammonium export system when expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (13) and an ammonium-(methylammonium)͞proton exchanger in oocytes injected with RhAG cRNA (14). Moreover, Rh null red blood cells were found to accumulate more of the ammonium analogue [ 14 C]methylammonium than normal red cells and to lose it less rapidly after being preloaded, leading to the proposal that the Rh blood group substance was an ammonium(methylammonium) export system (15). Although inconsistent, all of the studies cited above concluded that Rh proteins, like their only known paralogues, the ammonium͞methylammonium transport (Amt) proteins [also called methylammonium permeases (Mep) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae], were active transport systems for the ion NH 4 ϩ . Disruption of an Rh gene in the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum yielded no phenotype (16).Contrary to views of others, we have prop...

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The Role of Carbonic Anhydrase in Photosynthesis

Cited by 696 publications

References 96 publications

Extra and intracelular activities of carbonic anhydrase of the marine microalga Tetraselmis gracilis (Chlorophyta)

Extra and intracelular activities of carbonic anhydrase of the marine microalga Tetraselmis gracilis (Chlorophyta)

Southern Ocean phytoplankton physiology in a changing climate

Lack of the Rhesus protein Rh1 impairs growth of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii at high CO ₂

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The Role of Carbonic Anhydrase in Photosynthesis

Cited by 696 publications

References 96 publications

Extra and intracelular activities of carbonic anhydrase of the marine microalga Tetraselmis gracilis (Chlorophyta)

Extra and intracelular activities of carbonic anhydrase of the marine microalga Tetraselmis gracilis (Chlorophyta)

Southern Ocean phytoplankton physiology in a changing climate

Lack of the Rhesus protein Rh1 impairs growth of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii at high CO 2

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Lack of the Rhesus protein Rh1 impairs growth of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii at high CO ₂