The Role of Carbonyl Groups in the Photoluminescence of Poly(p-phenylenevinylene)

Papadimitrakopoulos, Fotios; Konstadinidis, K.; Miller, Timothy M.; Opila, R. L.; Chandross, Edwin A.; Galvin, Mary E.

doi:10.1021/cm00045a014

Cited by 170 publications

(106 citation statements)

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“…[24,27±31,33±44] This advance in the ability to make lasers is partly attributable to improved procedures during the chemistry stage [45±49] as well as during material handling and processing. [20,24,46,47,50,51] …”

Section: Historical Overview Of Lasing In Organic Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lasers Based on Semiconducting Organic Materials

Tessler¹

1999

Adv. Mater.

406

261

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Light‐emitting organic materials continue to assume increasing significance in the field of semiconductor laser research, and the Figure depicts several structures that have been demonstrated using organic semiconductors. This review provides a description of the fundamental aspects of lasers and a historical overview of their development, followed by a discussion of the recent progress in optically pumped lasers, and their implications for laser technology.

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Section: Historical Overview Of Lasing In Organic Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lasers Based on Semiconducting Organic Materials

Tessler¹

1999

Adv. Mater.

406

261

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“…2 may be due to dehydration through the thermal elimination of the hydroxy groups and thermal oxidation of the hydroxy groups to ketone groups. Such thermal oxidation can be reduced or avoided by performing the conversion under a reducing atmosphere such as forming gas [31]. The presence of oxygen functionalities can also be detected by the analysis of the C 1s peak.…”

Section: Surface Species Of Ppvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interface formation of metals and poly(p-phenylene vinylene): surface species and band bending

Ettedgui

Hsieh

Gao

1997

Polym. Adv. Technol.

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We used X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) to investigate the surface species of poly(p‐phenylene vinylene) (PPV) and its interface formation with Ca and Al. PPV surfaces compositions varied with sample preparation. For relatively ""clean'' surfaces with 4–5% O, analysis of the O 1s peak revealed four types of oxygen species, namely carbonyl (C=O), hydroxyl (C–OH), ether (C–O–C) and the carboxylic groups (HO–C=O). The oxygen groups, excluding ether, reacted with Al or Ca to form the corresponding metal oxides. Chemical interactions between the metals and the phenylene and vinylene units to yield new species were not detected. For sulfur‐free surfaces, a C 1s peak shift of +0.5 eV followed the deposition of 15–30 Å of Ca on PPV. For sulfur‐containing surfaces, the C 1s peak shift was −0.5 eV. We attribute this difference to the interaction of metal atoms with the sulfur impurities. For Al/PPV, a C 1s peak shift occurred at <2 Å of Al deposition and reached a constant value of about +0.4 eV after ⪅8 Å of Al. Again, the direction of the peak shift depended on the presence of sulfur impurities. We attribute the C 1s peak shifts to surface band bending and to Schottky barrier formation. Since surface oxidation of PPV can inhibit band‐bending, our overall results suggest that the barrier height at the metal/PPV interface is highly sensitive to the surface preparation and relatively insensitive to the work function of the metals. The shift seen by XPS in the C 1s core level spectra of PPV points clearly to charge transfer and Schottky barrier formation at the interface as a result of metal deposition. These results imply that the metal/polymer interface is not rigid and that triangular barrier tunneling fails to take into account the effect of barrier formation. We propose a band‐bending modified tunneling (BBMT) model to explain charge transfer at the Ca/polymer interface. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…Carbonyl defect sites have been also identified in so-called precursor-PPV after oxidative degradation which cause a dramatic reduction of the PL (and EL) efficiencies [16].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

(9,9-Dialkylfluorene-co-fluorenone) copolymers containing low fluorenone fractions as model systems for degradation-induced changes in polyfluorene-type semiconducting materials

et al. 2002

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This short communication describes synthesis, optical and electronic properties of novel 9,9-dialkylfluorene-co-fluorenone copolymers which function as model systems for degradation-induced changes in polyfluorene-type semiconducting materials. Only very small fractions of incorporated fluorenone building blocks lead to a dramatic change of the solid state properties (photo-and electroluminescence). The results are discussed in terms of intra-vs. intermolecular excitation energy transfer.

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The Role of Carbonyl Groups in the Photoluminescence of Poly(p-phenylenevinylene)

Cited by 170 publications

References 1 publication

Lasers Based on Semiconducting Organic Materials

Lasers Based on Semiconducting Organic Materials

Interface formation of metals and poly(p-phenylene vinylene): surface species and band bending

(9,9-Dialkylfluorene-co-fluorenone) copolymers containing low fluorenone fractions as model systems for degradation-induced changes in polyfluorene-type semiconducting materials

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