The Role of CD4 and CD8â€‰T Cells in Human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Santos, Claire da Silva; Brodskyn, ClÃ¡udia Ida

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2014.00165

Cited by 45 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Disease outcome depends on both the parasite specie and the immune response developed by patient . In this context, it is known that patients infected by L. braziliensis exhibit a Th1 immune response, leading to resolution of the lesions, or to an exaggerated inflammatory response that produces tissue damage . Thus, these dichotomy patterns of the immune response may guide to cure or disease progression, with an imperative participation of specific activated T lymphocytes .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotoxic cell involvement in human cutaneous leishmaniasis: assessments in active disease, under therapy and after clinical cure

Cunha

Ferraz

Pimentel

et al. 2016

Parasite Immunology

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Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an important public health issue worldwide. The control of Leishmania infection depends on cellular immune mechanisms, and the inflammatory response may contribute to pathogenesis. A beneficial role of CD8(+) T lymphocytes has been proposed; nevertheless, other studies suggest a cytotoxic role of CD8(+) T lymphocytes involved in tissue damage, showing controversial role of these cells. The goal of the current study was to understand the immunopathology of CL and determine the profile of cytotoxic cells--such as CD4(+) T, natural killer and natural killer T cells--that might be involved in triggering immunological mechanisms, and may lead to cure or disease progression. The frequencies of cytotoxic cell populations in peripheral blood, obtained from patients with active disease, during treatment and after clinical healing, were assessed by flow cytometry. Cytotoxicity could not be related to a deleterious role in Leishmania braziliensis infection, as patients with active CL showed similar percentages of degranulation to healthy individuals (HI). Cured patients exhibited a lower percentage of degranulating cells, which may be due to a downregulation of the immune response. The understanding of the immunopathological mechanisms involved in CL and the commitment of cytotoxic cells enables improvements in therapeutic strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotoxic cell involvement in human cutaneous leishmaniasis: assessments in active disease, under therapy and after clinical cure

Cunha

Ferraz

Pimentel

et al. 2016

Parasite Immunology

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“…Their presence and their cytotoxic activity are directly correlated to the lesion size. 19,22,23 Studies in populations living in endemic areas suggest that some gene loci seem specific to particular clinical manifestations. Genetics of the host could provide critical information for the discovery of key steps in the pathogenesis of leishmania infections.…”

Section: Al-khayat Zay Et Al Int J Res Dermatol 2018 Mar;4(1):1-7mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This high result is in agreement with results from Pakistan, Turkey and Greece. [17][18][19] In endemic regions, a…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A clinico-epidemiological study on cutaneous leishmaniasis in Erbil, Iraq (2015-2017)

Al-khayat

Agha²,

Alharmni

et al. 2018

Int J Res Dermatol

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Background: The objective of the study was to determine the incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Makhmur District (Erbil Province).Methods: A cross-sectional, observational, descriptive study was performed in the outpatient clinic of Makhmur General Health Center. All the patients who presented at the dermatology clinic during the period from January 2015 to January 2017 were included in the study. The provisional diagnosis was dependent mainly on clinical examination in addition to Giemsa stain.Results: A total of 1264 cutaneous leishmaniasis cases were diagnosed during the study period with males representing 54.6% of the cases. The study participants ranged from 10 months to 61 years. Age group <15 years were 53.5%. Clinically, 49.3% of patients had one lesion, 51.5% of patients had wet type. Most lesions were found on both limbs (48.8%). The highest number of cases was recorded during February (29.1%) and November (21.8%), while the lowest rate of cases was recorded in July (0.2%). According to stain results, 70.6% of the cases were positive to giemsa stain.Conclusions: CL is endemic in Makhmur district. Males were infected in higher percent than females and this may be due to cultural, occupational and social factors.

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“…This is in line with the association of IFN-cproducing CD4 + T cells and the healing of lesions observed in murine experimental CL (4). In contrast, the role of CD8 + cells for healing in human CL is controversially discussed ranging from beneficial to no effect (7), or even enhancement of lesion ulceration (8). Our present study corroborates earlier reports that suggest that antigen-specific CD8 + T cells alone are not sufficient for the clearance of CL.…”

Section: Results and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Impaired T‐cell‐dependent protection against Leishmania major infection in HIV‐positive patients is associated with worsened disease outcome

Ngouateu

Weller

Bröhl

et al. 2015

Experimental Dermatology

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Interestingly, E-cadherin also anchors Langerhans cells to keratinocytes, regulating its tolerogenic differentiation. A dysfunction of this mechanism could induce autoimmune/inflammatory disease (8), an effect in accordance with our observation of concentration of association among patients presenting autoimmune comorbidities.Some aspects of our findings are intriguing: no association was observed between vitiligo and the CDH1 locus in genomewide association studies (GWAS) (References S4-S6), probably due to the use of highly stringent statistical corrections for multiple tests in GWAS that could result in missing of true association (Reference S7). The lack of association between vitiligo and IL1B polymorphisms is somewhat unexpected, given a recent study showing association between vitiligo progression and marker rs16944 of IL1B (9); the use of a distinct phenotype could explain the absence of replication in our population.Defective melanocyte adhesion may impact on the pathogenesis of vitiligo (1-3, Reference S8) through distinct mechanisms. Previous studies have suggested a role of nitric oxide in regulating cell adhesion in cultured melanocytes; in addition, the effect of adhesion molecules in immunogenic cells has also been described (8, References S9, S10). A dysfunctional E-cadherin could result in morphologic and functional impaired melanocytes, as well as a lower threshold of immune tolerance that, in the presence of oxidative or mechanical stress, could result in loss of melanocytes. Here, we reinforce the adhesion hypothesis for vitiligo pathogenesis by reporting association between the disease and a CDH1 polymorphism, an effect particularly evident in the presence of autoimmune comorbidity. Author contributionRGT, CCSC, LMN and MTM designed the research study; RGT, LMN and MTM performed the research; RGT and MTM analysed the data; RGT and MTM wrote the manuscript. FundingThis study was supported in part by the Pontif ıcia Universidade Cat olica do Paran a (PUCPR) and the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient ıfico e Tecnol ogico (CNPq). The Mira Laboratory is supported by CNPq (process number: 303621/2011-7 Grant call: PQ -2011, Produtividade em Pesquisa) Conflict of interestsThe authors have declared no conflicting interests. Supporting InformationAdditional supporting data may be found in the supplementary information of this article. Supporting Information References S1-S10.

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The Role of CD4 and CD8â€‰T Cells in Human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Cited by 45 publications

References 76 publications

Cytotoxic cell involvement in human cutaneous leishmaniasis: assessments in active disease, under therapy and after clinical cure

Cytotoxic cell involvement in human cutaneous leishmaniasis: assessments in active disease, under therapy and after clinical cure

A clinico-epidemiological study on cutaneous leishmaniasis in Erbil, Iraq (2015-2017)

Impaired T‐cell‐dependent protection against Leishmania major infection in HIV‐positive patients is associated with worsened disease outcome

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