The role of CD45 and CD45‐associated molecules in T cell activation

Abstract

Summary CD45 (lymphocyte common antigen) is a receptor-linked protein tyrosine phosphatase that is expressed on all leucocytes, and which plays a crucial role in the function of these cells. On T cells the extracellular domain of CD45 is expressed in several different isoforms, and the particular isoform(s) expressed depends on the particular subpopulation of cell, their state of maturation, and whether or not they have previously been exposed to antigen. It has been established that the expression of CD45 is essential for the activation of T cells via the TCR, and that different CD45 isoforms display a different ability to support T cell activation. Although the tyrosine phosphatase activity of the intracellular region of CD45 has been shown to be crucial for supporting signal transduction from the TCR, the nature of the ligands for the different isoforms of CD45 have been elusive. Moreover, the precise mechanism by which potential ligands may regulate CD45 function is unclear. Interestingly, in T cells CD45 has been shown to associate with numerous molecules, both membrane associated and intracellular; these include components of the TCR-CD3 complex and CD4/CD8. In addition, CD45 is reported to associate with several intracellular protein tyrosine kinases including p56'^'^ and 59^^'"' of the src family, and ZAP-70 of the Syk family, and with numerous proteins of 29-34 kDa. These CD45-associated molecules may play an important role in regulating CD45 tyrosine phosphatase activity and function. However, although the role of some of the CD45-associated molecules (e.g. CD45-AP and LPAP) has become better understood in recent years, the role of others still remains obscure. This review aims to summarize recent findings on the role of CD45 and CD45-associated molecules in T cell activation, and to highlight issues that seem relevant to ongoing research in this area.

Observed full blood count and lymphocyte subset values in a cohort of clinically healthy South African children from a semi-informal settlement in Cape Town

“…Analysis of the CD45RA and CD45RO isoforms therefore remains important for monitoring immune suppression associated with infections such as HIV. [21] …”

“…[2] Expression of CD45 isoforms, CD45RA and CD45RO, on CD4-and CD8-positive T-cells varies depending on the stage of maturation and the T-cell receptor response to antigenic stimulation. [21] CD45RA has been shown to be associated with CD4 and be more efficient at promoting T-cell activation after T-cell receptor stimulation. Analysis of the CD45RA and CD45RO isoforms therefore remains important for monitoring immune suppression associated with infections such as HIV.…”

Transient antibody targeting of CD45RC induces transplant tolerance and potent antigen-specific regulatory T cells

“…While the function of CD45 isoforms remains unclear, their differential expression has been associated with T cell activation's level. The most analyzed CD45RA and CD45RB isoforms are mainly expressed by naive T cells and terminally differentiated effector memory (TEMRA) cells, while the shortest isoform, CD45RO, is expressed by activated/memory T cells (5,(11)(12)(13). The expression of the CD45RC isoform has been described in rats.…”

SKAP55 Coupled with CD45 Positively Regulates T-Cell Receptor-Mediated Gene Transcription

“…Lck and p59 Fyn , molecules with molecular masses of 29 to 34 kDa, and others (1). However, the physiological significance of some of these associations with CD45 has been questioned due to a lack of reproducibility.…”