The Role of Celecoxib as a Potential Inhibitor in the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases - A Review

Abstract

: This article presents a simplified view of celecoxib as a potential inhibitor in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. The enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX) has, predominantly, two isoforms called cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). The former plays a constitutive role that is related to homeostatic effects in renal and platelets, while the latter is mainly responsible for induction of inflammatory effects. Since COX-2 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, it has been signaled as a target for the planning of anti-inflammatory intermediates. Many inhibitors developed and planned for COX-2 inhibition have presented side effects to humans, mainly in the gastrointestinal and/or cardiovascular tract. Therefore, it is necessary to design new potential COX-2 inhibitors, which are relatively safe and without side effects. To this end, of the generation of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs from “coxibs”, celecoxib is the only potent selective COX-2 inhibitor that is still commercially available. Thus, the compound celecoxib became a commercial prototype inhibitor for the development of anti-inflammatory agents for COX-2 enzyme. In this review, we provide highlights where such inhibition should provide a structural basis for the design of promising new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) which act as COX-2 inhibitors with lesser side effects on the human body.

Effect of celecoxib plus standard chemotherapy on cancer prognosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…Compared to traditional NSAIDs, celecoxib has shown greater potential for reducing adverse gastrointestinal reactions. 42 Chronic inflammation has been identified as one of the features of tumorigenesis and progression. 43 Unlike wound healing and infection, inflammatory responses in tumour development have been shown to be incurable.…”

“…No increase in gastrointestinal or other systemic toxicities was observed. Compared to traditional NSAIDs, celecoxib has shown greater potential for reducing adverse gastrointestinal reactions 42 …”

Anti-inflammatory strategies for photothermal therapy of cancer

“…Compared with traditional NSAIDs, selective COX-2 inhibitors are a new kind of NSAIDs, including meloxicam, celecoxib and so on. [57][58][59][60] The main function of these NSAIDs is to selectively inhibit COX-2 activity, thus there will be no serious side effects. Wu et al presented a Cu-meloxicam complex by utilizing the coordination of copper ions and meloxicam, which was encapsulated with human serum albumin for enhanced biocompatibility.…”

Cardioprotective role of royal jelly in the prevention of celecoxib-mediated cardiotoxicity in adult male albino rats

“…Since 2004, when two COX-2-selective inhibitors, rofecoxib, and valdecoxib, were removed from the market due to an elevated risk of cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction, celecoxib, as well as other selective and nonselective Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), have been under intensive examination [ 5 ]. Celecoxib is the only powerful, selective COX-2 inhibitor (among the “coxib” family) that is still commercially accessible [ 6 ]. As a result, celecoxib became a commercial prototype inhibitor for the development of COX-2 enzyme anti-inflammatory medicines [ 7 ].…”