The role of Chlamydia trachomatis in preterm delivery: a case-control study in Besat Hospital, Sanandaj, Iran (2018-2019)

Ahmadi, Seyedeh Jahan; Farhadifar, Fariba; Sharami, Seyedeh Reyhaneh Yousefi; Zare, SH; Rezaei, Mohammad Jafar; Soofizadeh, Nasrin; Babaei, Erfan; Moradi, Ghobad; Ahmadi, Amjad

doi:10.18502/ijm.v12i4.3936

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…However, there is some inconsistency regarding the impact of C. trachomatis on sPTB. In a case-control study involving 75 Iranian women with sPTB, no significant association with C. trachomatis cervical infection was observed when compared with 75 women with term births (86). Nevertheless, women with cervical C. trachomatis infection who received antibiotic treatment had lower rates of pPROM, sPTB, and small-for-gestational-age infants compared with those who did not receive antibiotic treatment (87,88), providing insight into the role of C. trachomatis in promoting sPTB.…”

Section: Preterm Birth and Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiota dynamics, metabolic and immune interactions in the cervicovaginal environment and their role in spontaneous preterm birth

Onyango,

Mi,

Koech

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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Differences in the cervicovaginal microbiota are associated with spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB), a significant cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Although establishing a direct causal link between cervicovaginal microbiota and sPTB remains challenging, recent advancements in sequencing technologies have facilitated the identification of microbial markers potentially linked to sPTB. Despite variations in findings, a recurring observation suggests that sPTB is associated with a more diverse and less stable vaginal microbiota across pregnancy trimesters. It is hypothesized that sPTB risk is likely to be modified via an intricate host-microbe interactions rather than due to the presence of a single microbial taxon or broad community state. Nonetheless, lactobacilli dominance is generally associated with term outcomes and contributes to a healthy vaginal environment through the production of lactic acid/maintenance of a low pH that excludes other pathogenic microorganisms. Additionally, the innate immunity of the host and metabolic interactions between cervicovaginal microbiota, such as the production of bacteriocins and the use of proteolytic enzymes, exerts a profound influence on microbial populations, activities, and host immune responses. These interplays collectively impact pregnancy outcomes. This review aims to summarize the complexity of cervicovaginal environment and microbiota dynamics, and associations with bacterial vaginosis and sPTB. There is also consideration on how probiotics may mitigate the risk of sPTB and bacterial vaginosis.

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Section: Preterm Birth and Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiota dynamics, metabolic and immune interactions in the cervicovaginal environment and their role in spontaneous preterm birth

Onyango,

Mi,

Koech

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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“…They used vaginal swab samples to perform the test and after conducting the test, they observed that 7 (9.33%) of the controls and 2 (2.67%) of the patient group participants were infected with C. trachomatis . Therefore, they did not find a relationship between the mentioned infections and spontaneous preterm delivery ( Ahmadi et al., 2020 ). Although the results of this study were similar to our research, the noteworthy point was the significant reduction of chlamydia infection and its zero prevalence in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The role of bacterial genital infections in spontaneous preterm delivery: a case-control study

Ahmadi,

Khadem Erfan,

Roshani

et al. 2024

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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BackgroundSpontaneous preterm delivery is defined as the beginning of the birth process before the 37th week of pregnancy. The presence of microorganisms in the fetal membranes is accompanied by an increase in the production of prostaglandin, one of the important factors associated with the prevalence of preterm birth. The invasion of microorganisms leads to the production of protease, coagulase, and elastase, which directly stimulate the onset of childbirth. We investigated the role of genital infections in women with preterm birth.MethodsThe present case-control study was conducted in the west of Iran on 100 women with spontaneous preterm delivery (following 24 weeks of gestation and before 36 weeks and 6 days) as the case group and 100 women with normal delivery as controls. A questionnaire was applied to collect the data. Polymerase chain reaction and pathological examination of the placenta were performed.ResultsThe average age in women with normal delivery (30.92 ± 5.10) in women with spontaneous preterm delivery (30.27 ± 4.93). The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhea, Listeria monocytogenes, and Mycoplasma genitalium infections was zero in both groups. The highest prevalence of Gardnerella vaginalis was 19 (19%) in the case group and Ureaplasma parvum 15 (15%) in the control group. Also, Placental inflammation was zero in controls and 7(7%) in the patient group. There was a significant relationship between Gardnerella vaginalis bacteria and spontaneous preterm delivery.ConclusionThe results of our study showed that except for Gardnerella vaginalis bacteria, there is no significant relationship between the above bacterial infections and spontaneous preterm birth. Moreover, despite the significant reduction in the prevalence of many sexually transmitted infections in this research, it is still suggested to increase the awareness of people, including pregnant women, about the ways it can be transmitted by gynecologists and health and treatment centers.

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Breaking Down the Barrier: The Role of Cervical Infection and Inflammation in Preterm Birth

Tantengco

Menon

2022

Front. Glob. Womens Health

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Approximately 40% of cases of spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) are associated with ascending intrauterine infections. The cervix serves as a physical and immunological gatekeeper, preventing the ascent of microorganisms from the vagina to the amniotic cavity. The cervix undergoes remodeling during pregnancy. It remains firm and closed from the start until the late third trimester of pregnancy and then dilates and effaces to accommodate the passage of the fetus during delivery. Remodeling proceeds appropriately and timely to maintain the pregnancy until term delivery. However, risk factors, such as acute and chronic infection and local inflammation in the cervix, may compromise cervical integrity and result in premature remodeling, predisposing to sPTB. Previous clinical studies have established bacterial (i.e., chlamydia, gonorrhea, mycoplasma, etc.) and viral infections (i.e., herpesviruses and human papillomaviruses) as risk factors of PTB. However, the exact mechanism leading to PTB is still unknown. This review focuses on: (1) the epidemiology of cervical infections in pregnant patients; (2) cellular mechanisms that may explain the association of cervical infections to premature cervical ripening and PTB; (3) endogenous defense mechanisms of the cervix that protect the uterine cavity from infection and inflammation; and (4) potential inflammatory biomarkers associated with cervical infection that can serve as prognostic markers for premature cervical ripening and PTB. This review will provide mechanistic insights on cervical functions to assist in managing cervical infections during pregnancy.

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The role of Chlamydia trachomatis in preterm delivery: a case-control study in Besat Hospital, Sanandaj, Iran (2018-2019)

Cited by 3 publications

References 21 publications

Microbiota dynamics, metabolic and immune interactions in the cervicovaginal environment and their role in spontaneous preterm birth

Microbiota dynamics, metabolic and immune interactions in the cervicovaginal environment and their role in spontaneous preterm birth

The role of bacterial genital infections in spontaneous preterm delivery: a case-control study

Breaking Down the Barrier: The Role of Cervical Infection and Inflammation in Preterm Birth

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