The Role of Chlorella vulgaris in Reducing Some Pharmaceutical Wastes Toxicity in Clam Pseudodontopsis euphraticus

Abstract

Applications of microalgae in environmental studies have recently increased. Current uses of immobilized microalga Chlorella vulgaris include reducing pharmaceutical substances such as amoxicillin AMX and potassium dichromate K2Cr2O7 on freshwater clam Pseudodontopsis euphraticus as a biotic model. Recent research pointed out a change in biomarkers of oxidative stress in an evaluation of induced toxicity. Where clams were exposed to different concentrations100, 200, and 400 mg/L for 7 days and 20, 30, and 50 mg/L for 5 days of amoxicillin and potassium dichromate, respectively. The results showed that exposure to AMX and K2Cr2O7 led to a significant change in the activity of antioxidant enzymes, with significant increases (p<0.05) in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The highest ROS value was 51.05 μg/mg under concentrations of 50 mg/L of K2Cr2O7, and the highest recorded percentage of Superoxide Dismutase SOD, Catalase CAT, Malondialdehyde MDA, and Glutathione Reductase GSH, as: 33.40 U/m, 33.32KU/L, 23.22 μmol/l and 21.30µg/g respectively, in concentrations of 50 mg/L of K2Cr2O7 non-treated. It was observed in this study that potassium dichromate was more effective than amoxicillin in causing toxicity. According to the current study, immobilized C. vulgaris was instrumental in decreasing chemicals toxicity, by relieving oxidative stress on P. euphraticus clam, as it recorded a significant decrease p≤ 0.05 in ROS values and oxidizing enzymes such as Superoxide Dismutase SOD, Catalase CAT, Malondialdehyde MDA, as well as ascorbic acid. AA, total protein and GPX in treated samples.

Removal Efficiency of Synthetic Toxic Dye from Water and Waste Water Using Immobilized Green Algae: Bioremediation with Multi Environment Conditions

“…Algae immobilized technology has received increasing attention and has been used in many applications in the environmental field, such as wastewater treatment from many pollutants such as antibiotics, heavy metals, and dyes, due to its ease of harvesting (Salman et al 2022;Obaid et al, 2023a), higher cell density, increased cell resistance to unfavorable factors (temperature, acidity, and toxic compounds), higher productivity, better cell stability, and biomass recycling (Vasilieva et al, 2016;Eroglu et al, 2015). The current study aimed to evaluate the potential of the inactivated algae, Chlorella vulgaris, to bioremove Congo red dye from aqueous solutions and assess some environmental parameters to improve the bioremoval process.…”