The role of cholesterol oxidation products in food toxicity

Maldonado‐Pereira, Lisaura; Schweiss, Matthew; Barnaba, Carlo; Medina-Meza, Ilce Gabriela

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2018.05.059

Cited by 52 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 191 publications

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“…The chemical similarity of PS to cholesterol has played an important role in the study and analysis of the physiological aspects of PS. Most of its chemical properties have been studied based on the information known for cholesterol (Maldonado‐Pereira, Schweiss, Barnaba, & Medina‐Meza, ). Absorption of PS in humans is low compared to cholesterol, ranging from 2 to 5% of total intake, versus 60%, respectively, (Alemany et al, ).…”

Section: Health Benefits Of Phytosterolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytosterols and their oxidative products in infant formula

Kilvington

Maldonado‐Pereira

Torres-Palacios

et al. 2019

J Food Process Engineering

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Infant formulations are enriched with vegetable oils that confer not only calories, but also peculiar chemical attributes. Vegetable oils are particularly rich in phytosterols, a class of triterpene molecules analogous to cholesterol, but with different and largely unknown biological effects. The preparation and sterilization of infant formula provide opportune physicochemical conditions for oxidative reactions to occur. Oxidation of phytosterols during the preparation of infant formula can led to oxidized derivatives, known as phytosterol oxidation products [POPs], which harmful effects can be exacerbated given the wide variety of infant formulas characterized by their exclusivity of milk surrogates, required to fulfill specific needs in the nutritional development of a baby. In this review, the state-of-the-art regarding phytosterols and their presence in infant formulation is revised, stressing the need of further investigation in the field of food processing. Reconsidering infant formula manufacturing in the context of phytosterols oxidation will lead to several opportunities for food engineers and technologists in the food safety. Practical applicationsPhytosterols are plant-based bioactive lipids with health benefits. Therefore, they have been implemented as a supplement in infant formula through the addition of vegetable oils. Processing, packaging, and storage contribute to the oxidative process of these compounds. A surveillance of the entire food chain is needed to reduce the oxidative load in the final product.

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Section: Health Benefits Of Phytosterolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytosterols and their oxidative products in infant formula

Kilvington

Maldonado‐Pereira

Torres-Palacios

et al. 2019

J Food Process Engineering

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“…They are important mediators of cholesterol-induced effects with detrimental properties. They can enter intracellular membranes and affect the structure and function of membrane-associated proteins (Maldonado-Pereira et al, 2018;Testa et al, 2018). Solid evidence indicates that these aldehydes and COPs are implicated in or could aggravate a series of adverse effects on human health, such as cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, mutagenic and carcinogenic properties, gastrointestinal disease, and hepatotoxicity (Table 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential adverse health effects of dietary lipid oxidation products

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2021

Journal of Food Bioactives

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Lipid oxidation products (LOPs) are widely present in many lipid- containing foods. They usually enter the gastrointestinal tract from dietary sources and/or are produced in vivo. Part of LOPs were absorbed into the blood and transported into tissues. A growing bulk of evidence suggests that LOPs, mainly reactive aldehydes and oxysterols, are potentially involved in the pathogenesis of many chronic diseases, such as atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, and inflammatory bowel disease. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the adverse effects, cytotoxicity, and the main mechanisms of LOPs involvement in humans and animals.

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“…Addition of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), iron for IF fortification, and antioxidants increase the sensitivity to oxidation, allowing the generation of oxidized compounds such as cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) (Calderon-Santiago, Peralbo-Molina, Priego-Capote, & de Castro, 2012; Maldonado-Pereira, Schweiss, Barnaba, & Medina-Meza, 2018; Medina-Meza & Barnaba, 2013), and MDA derivatives (Cesa, 2004). COPs have been linked to atherosclerosis, hypertension, ischemic stroke, neurological diseases, viral infections, and cancer (Testa, Rossin, Poli, Biasi, & Leonarduzzi, 2018; Willinger, 2019; Zmyslowski & Szterk, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipidomics and Dietary Assessment of Infant Formulas Reveal High Intakes of Major Cholesterol Oxidative Product (7-ketocholesterol)

Kilvington

Barnaba

Rajasekaran

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Approximately two-thirds of US infants receive infant formula (IF) as a primary or sole nutritional source during the first six months of life. IF is available in a variety of commercial presentations, although from a manufacturing standpoint, they can be categorized in powder-(PIF) or liquid-(LIF) based formulations. Herein, thirty commercial IFs were analyzed in their oxidative and non-oxidative lipidomics profiles. Results show that LIFs have a characteristic lipidomic fingerprint, enriched in an oxidated form of cholesterol, and a lower load of phytosterols. We identified 7-ketocholesterol – a major end-product of cholesterol oxidation – as a potential biomarker of IF manufacturing. Our data allowed re-classification of IF based on their metabolomic fingerprint, resulting in three groups assigned with low-to-high oxidative status. Finally, we modeled the dietary intake for cholesterol, sterols, and 7-ketocholesterol in the first year of life. The database provided in this study will be instrumental for scientists interested in infant nutrition, to establish bases for epidemiological studies aimed to find connections between nutrition and diet-associated diseases, such as sitosterolemia.

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The role of cholesterol oxidation products in food toxicity

Cited by 52 publications

References 191 publications

Phytosterols and their oxidative products in infant formula

Phytosterols and their oxidative products in infant formula

Potential adverse health effects of dietary lipid oxidation products

Lipidomics and Dietary Assessment of Infant Formulas Reveal High Intakes of Major Cholesterol Oxidative Product (7-ketocholesterol)

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