The role of coagulation on the fate of PFAS, brominated flame retardants and other trace contaminants in tertiary wastewater treatment for phosphorus control

Comparing the effects of Al-based coagulants in waste activated sludge anaerobic digestion: Methane yield, kinetics and sludge implications

“…Due to its effectiveness and ease of application, the process of flocculation and coagulation is often used for pollution removal in wastewater treatment, including emerging contaminants [ 7 ] and nutrients [ 8 ]. The aim of the process is to destabilize the colloidal components and induce the small particles to clump together into bigger settleable flocs [ 9 ], by means of two steps: i) rapid mixing of coagulants via vigorous agitation and ii) flocculation to aggregate small particles into distinct flocs via soft agitation [ 10 ].…”