The rôle of commercial pigments in the photo-degradation of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)

Skowronski, T.A.; Rabek, Jan F.; Rånby, Bengt

doi:10.1016/0141-3910(84)90070-3

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…11,12 When PVC was pigmented with TiO 2 , the degradation of the PVC occurred by photo catalysed oxidation. The moisture becomes an important factor because it affects the rate of photocatalytic degradation of PVC.…”

Section: Effect Of Gas Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid measurement of photocatalytic oxidation of poly(vinyl chloride) by in situ FTIR spectrometry of evolved CO₂

Jin¹,

Christensen²,

Egerton³

et al. 2006

Materials Science and Technology

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The CO 2 generated by UV irradiation of unplasticised PVC pigmented with TiO 2 was monitored by in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry. CO 2 was evolved immediately irradiation began (although no HCl was detected) and when irradiation ceased CO 2 evolution fell significantly. A comparison of photogeneration of CO 2 from unpigmented and pigmented PVC demonstrated that, although a heavily coated TiO 2 (R5) did not increase the rate of CO 2 formation, lightly coated TiO 2 (R3) photocatalysed PVC oxidation to CO 2 . As expected for a photocatalytic process, the photogeneration of CO 2 increased with increased TiO 2 loading. The convenience of the FTIR method allowed the increased rate of oxidation with increasing partial pressure of oxygen, or increasing humidity, to be demonstrated. It was also shown that the rate of photocatalytic oxidation varied as the square root of UV intensity. This dependence would result if recombination of UV generated charge carriers controls the rate of photocatalysis.

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Section: Effect Of Gas Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid measurement of photocatalytic oxidation of poly(vinyl chloride) by in situ FTIR spectrometry of evolved CO₂

Jin¹,

Christensen²,

Egerton³

et al. 2006

Materials Science and Technology

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“…Depth profiles of the kinetics of formation of OOH/OH groups were also featured in a study of the photodegradation of a PVC-TiO 2 formulation (100 parts PVC, 4 or 10 parts TiO 2 , 2 parts Irgastab 17M (dibutyltin-S, S′-di(iso-octylthioglycolate), 0·3 parts stearic acid ) [43].…”

Section: >400 Nmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kinetics of formation of HCl expressed as conductivity units (S) during UV irradiation of: (x) pure PVC and PVC with :(v) 4 parts CaCO 3 ; (v v) 10 parts CaCO 3 ; (q) 4 parts and (q q) 10 parts TiO 2[43].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of Action of Titanium Dioxide Pigment in the Photodegredation of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) and Other Polymers

Kemp

McIntyre

2001

Progress in Reaction Kinetics and Mechanism

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338 1. 337 3. POLYOLEFIN -TiO 2 SYSTEMS 368 3·1 Polyethylene 368 3·2 Polypropylene 369 4. OTHER POLYMER -TiO 2 SYSTEMS 369 4·1 Polycarbonate 369 4·2 Acrylates and paints 370 4·3 Polystyrene 371 5. CONCLUSIONS 371 6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 372 7. REFERENCES 373 ABSTRACTThe extensive use of titanium dioxide as a pigment and optical agent in polymers, particularly poly(vinyl chloride), polyethylene and alkyd resins, has prompted many investigations of the various deleterious effects (loss of gloss and mechanical properties, chalking, pinking) of long-term exposure to sunlight of the pigmented polymers. This short review summarises the fundamental semiconductor processes undergone by TiO 2 on UV irradiation and the consequent chemical action of the reactive intermediates so generated. It also describes the strategies developed to counteract photodegradation induced by TiO 2 , in particular its encapsulation in a coating by near-UV transparent metal oxides, such as Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2 , with wide band gaps. The effects of doping TiO 2 with transition metal ions are also noted. Scheme 3. Summary of the photodegradation of PVC. Scheme 4. Mechanism of photodegradation of PVC [19].

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“…Anatase TiO 2 have high photochemical activity, and has been used widely as the catalyst in the degradation of polymers under the condition of UV irradiation. While in sharp contrast, rutile TiO 2 could not only absorb the UV light up to the proximity of visible light wavelength, but also has a very high refractive index, based on which it could exert a strong screening effect on the UV irradiation. In addition, the highly coated, nonchalking, durable grade, rutile TiO 2 is designed to be inert and to prevent contact of the TiO 2 with the polymer, which in turn reduces the catalytic photo‐oxidation of the polymer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large stabilizing effect of titanium dioxide on photodegradation of PVC/α‐methylstyrene‐acrylonitrile copolymer/impact modifier‐matrix composites

2014

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A large stabilizing effect was obtained via adding titanium dioxide (TiO2) into poly (vinyl chloride)/α‐methylstyrene‐acrylonitrile copolymer/impact modifier blends. A comparison between photodegradation of blends (without TiO2) and composites (with TiO2) was conducted. Results of color difference, surface morphology, and thermogravimetric analysis tests indicated the higher UV resistance of composites than blends. Composites exhibited a almost unchangeable tensile strength and a certain retention rate of elongation at break; while drastic loss in these two properties were observed for blends. Fourier transform infrared and rheological tests also revealed the stabilizing effect exerted by TiO2, and it was found that different systems exhibited different stabilizing mechanisms. POLYM. COMPOS., 35:2365–2375, 2014. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers

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The rôle of commercial pigments in the photo-degradation of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)

Cited by 29 publications

References 36 publications

Rapid measurement of photocatalytic oxidation of poly(vinyl chloride) by in situ FTIR spectrometry of evolved CO₂

Rapid measurement of photocatalytic oxidation of poly(vinyl chloride) by in situ FTIR spectrometry of evolved CO₂

Mechanism of Action of Titanium Dioxide Pigment in the Photodegredation of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) and Other Polymers

Large stabilizing effect of titanium dioxide on photodegradation of PVC/α‐methylstyrene‐acrylonitrile copolymer/impact modifier‐matrix composites

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The rôle of commercial pigments in the photo-degradation of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)

Cited by 29 publications

References 36 publications

Rapid measurement of photocatalytic oxidation of poly(vinyl chloride) by in situ FTIR spectrometry of evolved CO2

Rapid measurement of photocatalytic oxidation of poly(vinyl chloride) by in situ FTIR spectrometry of evolved CO2

Mechanism of Action of Titanium Dioxide Pigment in the Photodegredation of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) and Other Polymers

Large stabilizing effect of titanium dioxide on photodegradation of PVC/α‐methylstyrene‐acrylonitrile copolymer/impact modifier‐matrix composites

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Rapid measurement of photocatalytic oxidation of poly(vinyl chloride) by in situ FTIR spectrometry of evolved CO₂

Rapid measurement of photocatalytic oxidation of poly(vinyl chloride) by in situ FTIR spectrometry of evolved CO₂