The role of comparison in perceptual learning: Effects of concurrent exposure to similar stimuli on the perceptual effectiveness of their unique features

Rodrı́guez, Gabriel; Blair, C. A. J.; Hall, Geoffrey

doi:10.3758/lb.36.2.75

Cited by 21 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…As we have noted, animals given exposure in which the stimuli are presented concurrently can sometimes show retarded acquisition of a subsequent discrimination between them (Alonso & Hall, 1999;Rodriguez et al, 2008). This result has been interpreted as being a consequence of the formation, during exposure, of excitatory associations between the stimuli, the mechanism being the same as that advanced here as an explanation of the results of our Experiment 2.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Although there are many experiments (usually using rats as subjects and flavors as the stimuli, e.g., Bennett & Mackintosh, 1999;Blair & Hall, 2003;Mondragón & Hall, 2002;Symonds & Hall, 1995; but also with auditory stimuli and appetitive procedures, e.g., Mondragón & Murphy, 2010) showing that preexposure in which the stimuli are presented in alternation is particularly helpful in facilitating subsequent discrimination, we may doubt that this arises because such exposure promotes comparison of the stimuli. In these experiments the interval between preexposure trials was long and reducing it, a procedure that might be expected to facilitate comparison, has uniformly been found to convey no special advantage (and sometimes to be disadvantageous) (e.g., Alonso & Hall, 1999;Bennett & Mackintosh, 1999;Rodriguez, Blair, & Hall, 2008). In a recent review, Mitchell and Hall (2014) concluded that a difference in the ability to benefit from the opportunity to compare the stimuli might constitute an important distinction between the perceptual learning effects seen in animals and those seen in humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of the role of stimulus comparison in discrimination learning in Pigeons

Mondragón

Hall

2015

Learning and Motivation

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the role of stimulus comparison in discrimination learning in Pigeons

Mondragón

Hall

2015

Learning and Motivation

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“…These associations between AX and BX would reduce later discrimination performance, as the response established to AX would tend, by way of the AX-BX association, to be evoked by BX (and vice versa). Support for this interpretation comes from experiments by Rodríguez and Alonso (2008) and by Rodríguez, Blair, and Hall (2008), who made use of procedures designed to preclude the formation of direct associations between the unique features, A and B. These procedures eliminated the deficit seen in previous studies on concurrent preexposure.…”

Section: The Intermixed-blocked Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can theories of animal discrimination explain perceptual learning in humans?

Mitchell¹,

Hall²

2014

Psychological Bulletin

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We present a review of recent studies of perceptual learning conducted with nonhuman animals. The focus of this research has been to elucidate the mechanisms by which mere exposure to a pair of similar stimuli can increase the ease with which those stimuli are discriminated. These studies establish an important role for 2 mechanisms, one involving inhibitory associations between the unique features of the stimuli, the other involving a long-term habituation process that enhances the relative salience of these features. We then examine recent work investigating equivalent perceptual learning procedures with human participants. Our aim is to determine the extent to which the phenomena exhibited by people are susceptible to explanation in terms of the mechanisms revealed by the animal studies. Although we find no evidence that associative inhibition contributes to the perceptual learning effect in humans, initial detection of unique features (those that allow discrimination between 2 similar stimuli) appears to depend on an habituation process. Once the unique features have been detected, a tendency to attend to those features and to learn about their properties enhances subsequent discrimination. We conclude that the effects obtained with humans engage mechanisms additional to those seen in animals but argue that, for the most part, these have their basis in learning processes that are common to animals and people. In a final section, we discuss some implications of this analysis of perceptual learning for other aspects of experimental psychology and consider some potential applications.

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“…Alonso eta Hall-ek (1999), ezkutuko inhibizio efektu honez gainera, estimuluen orokortzean aurre-esposizio programaren efektua aurkitu zuten. Autore horiek orokortze handiagoa aurkitu zuten aldibereko aurre-esposizioaren ondoren banatutako blokeetan aurre-esposizio batekin konparatuz (ikus ere, adibidez, Rodríguez eta Alonso, 2008;Rodríguez, Blair eta Hall, 2008). Emaitza hauek aurre-esposizioak iraun bitartean estimuluen artean eraturiko asoziazioarengatik azaldu ziren, horrek konparazio-prozesuak estimuluen ezberdintzean jokatzen zuen efektu onuragarria ikustea galaraziz.…”

Section: Eztabaida Orokorraunclassified

Ikaskuntza pertzeptiboa: aldibereko aurre-esposizioaren efektua

Garicano¹,

Pérez²,

Martínez³

2010

uztaro

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Arratoiekin eginiko bi esperimentutan aldibereko aurre-esposizioaren efektua baloratzen saiatu gara zapore-abertsio baldintzatuaren teknika erabiliz, zeinean zapore berdina baina kontzentrazio ezberdinak jasotzen diren. Lehenengo esperimentuan, aurre-esposizioa jarraitua eta luzea izan zen (24 ordukoa, 28 egunetan zehar); bigarren esperimentuan, aldiz, aurre-esposizioa diskretua eta motza izan zen (30 minutu goizean eta 30 arratsean, 4 egunetan zehar). Espero genuenaren kontra, bi esperimentuetan, erantzun baldintzatuaren orokortzea ez zen gutxitua gertatu aldibereko aurre-esposizio baten ondoren, bloketako aurre-esposizio batekin konparatuz. Hala ere, erantzun ezberdina erregistratu genuen estimulu baldintzatu eta frogazko estimuluarekiko bigarren esperimentuan, aldibereko aurre-esposizio baten ondoren. Emaitza hauek, estimuluen konparazio-prozesuak ikaskuntza pertzeptiboan duen zerikusiarekin eztabaidatuak izango dira. GAKO-HITZAK: Ikaskuntza pertzeptiboa · Aldibereko aurre-esposizioa · Orokortzea · Ezkutuko inhibizioa.Two experiments determined the effect of concurrent pre-exposure to two concentrations of one flavor on generalization of taste aversion in rats. Pre-exposure was continuous and long (24 h daily for 28 days) in Experiment 1 and discrete and short (30 minute morning and afternoon sessions for 4 days) in Experiment 2. In both experiments concurrent exposure failed to reduce generalization more that an equivalent pre-exposure in separate blocks. In experiemnt 2, there was a differential response between the conditioned and test stimuli after concurrent pre-exposure. Results are discussed in relation to the role of stimulus comparison processes in perceptual learning.

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The role of comparison in perceptual learning: Effects of concurrent exposure to similar stimuli on the perceptual effectiveness of their unique features

Cited by 21 publications

References 19 publications

Analysis of the role of stimulus comparison in discrimination learning in Pigeons

Analysis of the role of stimulus comparison in discrimination learning in Pigeons

Can theories of animal discrimination explain perceptual learning in humans?

Ikaskuntza pertzeptiboa: aldibereko aurre-esposizioaren efektua

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