The Role of Compounds Derived from Natural Supplement as Anticancer Agents in Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Review

Abstract

Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) is the most prominent kidney cancer derived from renal tubules and accounts for roughly 85% of all malignant kidney cancer. Every year, over 60,000 new cases are registered, and about 14,000 people die from RCC. The incidence of this has been increasing significantly in the U.S. and other countries. An increased understanding of molecular biology and the genomics of RCC has uncovered several signaling pathways involved in the progression of this cancer. Significant advances in the treatment of RCC have been reported from agents approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that target these pathways. These agents have become drugs of choice because they demonstrate clinical benefit and increased survival in patients with metastatic disease. However, the patients eventually relapse and develop resistance to these drugs. To improve outcomes and seek approaches for producing long-term durable remission, the search for more effective therapies and preventative strategies are warranted. Treatment of RCC using natural products is one of these strategies to reduce the incidence. However, recent studies have focused on these chemoprevention agents as anti-cancer therapies given they can inhibit tumor cell grow and lack the severe side effects common to synthetic compounds. This review elaborates on the current understanding of natural products and their mechanisms of action as anti-cancer agents. The present review will provide information for possible use of these products alone or in combination with chemotherapy for the prevention and treatment of RCC.

A novel nomogram model for differentiating Kawasaki disease from sepsis

“…Anemia is one of the most common clinical features of KD and is considered to be a marker of the acute phase and disease outcome 14 . In one retrospective study, hemoglobin level was found to be the most important indicator for distinguishing KD from the febrile control group 15 .…”

Anticancer Effects of Green Tea and the Underlying Molecular Mechanisms in Bladder Cancer

“…On the other hand, as shown in Table 3 , EGCG has been most widely used for in vitro studies aiming to clarify the relationship between GTPs and various cancer-related functions. Furthermore, other reports have shown that EGCG is the most important component in terms of the health benefits and anticancer effects of green tea [ 79 , 80 ]. Therefore, ECGC has been the focus of discussion in terms of both potential preventative and of therapeutic approaches for bladder cancer.…”

The role of rutin and diosmin, two citrus polyhydroxyflavones in disease prevention and treatment

“…Suppression of the inflammatory cascade and subsequent lesser free radical induced cell damage are believed to be one of the major underlying molecular mechanisms of quercetin against cancer. The impact of chronic inflammation in carcinogenesis is well established and strong anti-cancer effects of quercetin are reflected by as many as 2700 publications in PubMed as of February 2019 when combining "quercetin and cancer" in searches and reviewed elsewhere (Gibellini et al, 2011;Haque et al, 2017;Kashyap et al, 2016;Khan et al, 2016;Nam et al, 2016).…”

“…Besides strong anti-inflammatory bioactivities, proapoptotic effects of quercetin are conceivably the basis for chemoprotective and/or therapeutic effects in different cancers. The activation of apoptotic pathways by quercetin in various cancers during different cell cycle stages has been documented in vitro as well as in vivo (Gibellini et al, 2011;Granado-Serrano et al, 2010;Haque et al, 2017;Lee et al, 2010). For adenocarcinoma, breast, colon, lung and myeloid cancer, it has been demonstrated that apoptotic signaling by quercetin is triggered via caspase-3 activation through mechanisms of the mitochondrial-mediated pathway (Chien et al, 2009;Han and Zhang, 2016;Lee et al, 2015;Srivastava et al, 2016;Volate et al, 2005;Yang et al, 2006).…”

“…As recently reviewed, epidemiological studies report that intake of quercetin-rich food significantly reduced the risk of gastric, colon and lung cancer by 43, 32 or 51%, respectively. Noteworthy, quercetin can alleviate severe side effects and thus potentiate the efficacy of anti-cancer drugs (Haque et al, 2017). The beneficial role of quercetin against cardiovascular problems is also well documented.…”