The role of conscious processing of movements during balance by young and older adults

Uiga, Liis; Poolton, Jamie; Capio, Catherine Mamaid; Wilson, Mark R.; Ryu, Donghyun; Masters, Rich S. W.

doi:10.1016/j.humov.2019.102566

Cited by 10 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…We investigated the impact of this setting on sample size estimation across the eight experiments that reported using partial eta-squared as the effect size and used G*Power with the default setting to conduct the analysis. As seen in Figure 3b, sample size estimation increased across all experiments when the As in SPSS setting was used, with the number of additional subjects needed ranging from eight (Carnegie et al, 2020) to 240 (Uiga et al, 2020).…”

Section: G*power Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Reproducibility of Power Analyses in Motor Behavior Research

McKay

Bacelar

2023

Journal of Motor Learning and Development

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Recent metascience suggests that motor behavior research may be underpowered, on average. Researchers can perform a priori power analyses to ensure adequately powered studies. However, there are common pitfalls that can result in underestimating the required sample size for a given design and effect size of interest. Critical evaluation of power analyses requires successful analysis reproduction, which is conditional on the reporting of sufficient information. Here, we attempted to reproduce every power analysis reported in articles (k = 84/635) in three motor behavior journals between January 2019 and June 2021. We reproduced 7% of analyses using the reported information, which increased to 43% when we assumed plausible values for missing parameters. Among studies that reported sufficient information to evaluate, 63% reported using the same statistical test in the power analysis as in the study itself, and in 77%, the test addressed at least one of the identified hypotheses. Overall, power analyses were not commonly reported with sufficient information to ensure reproducibility. A nontrivial number of power analyses were also affected by common pitfalls. There is substantial opportunity to address the issue of underpowered research in motor behavior by increasing adoption of power analyses and ensuring reproducible reporting practices.

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Section: G*power Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Reproducibility of Power Analyses in Motor Behavior Research

McKay

Bacelar

2023

Journal of Motor Learning and Development

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“…In brief, the theory argues that contingencies such as movement errors or increases in anxiety can induce conscious motor processing, often as a well-intentioned coping strategy. However, such lapses into conscious control have adverse effects on the performance of well-learned movements such as walking, because conscious control is more effortful (e.g., fatiguing), slower (e.g., to adjust movements, such as correcting imbalance) and more subject to disruption and failure than autonomous control (Uiga et al 2020).…”

Section: Movement (De)automizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroencephalographic neurofeedback training can decrease conscious motor control and increase single and dual-task psychomotor performance

Sidhu

Cooke

2020

Exp Brain Res

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The control of human movements is thought to automize with repetition, promoting consistent execution and reduced dual-task costs. However, contingencies such as illness or constraints to regular movement patterns can promote conscious motor control, which can reduce movement proficiency and make dual-task situations more difficult. This experiment evaluated whether electroencephalographic neurofeedback training can reduce the adverse effects of conscious motor control. Twenty-five participants completed the timed-up-and-go task while wearing a leg brace to de-automize their regular movement, under both single and dual-task (walking + serial sevens) conditions, both before and after 30-min of neurofeedback training. Three different types of neurofeedback were prescribed across three laboratory visits. We hypothesised that training to decrease central EEG alpha-power at scalp sites above the supplementary motor area would facilitate performance compared to opposite (increase central EEG alpha-power) or sham neurofeedback training. Results revealed a pre-test to post-test improvement in performance on the single-task and on both aspects of the dual-task when participants were trained to decrease central EEG alpha-power. There were no benefits of opposite or sham neurofeedback training. Mediation analyses revealed that the improvement in dual-task motor performance was mediated by the improvement in cognitive performance. This suggests that the neurofeedback protocol was beneficial because it helped to reduce conscious control of the motor task. The findings could have important implications for rehabilitation and high-performance (e.g., elite sport) domains; neurofeedback could be prescribed to help alleviate the problems that can arise when individuals exert conscious motor control.

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“…While the influence of such social–cognitive psychological factors on error-prone movements has been empirically established, the influence of psychomotor factors has rarely been considered (for exceptions see [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]). However, considering psychological factors closely related to movement execution seems a promising approach: Studying people’s thoughts or expectations regarding their own movements might not only explain error-prone movement behavior but could also be a way to explore the underlying mechanism of this specific motor-function failure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, considering psychological factors closely related to movement execution seems a promising approach: Studying people’s thoughts or expectations regarding their own movements might not only explain error-prone movement behavior but could also be a way to explore the underlying mechanism of this specific motor-function failure. As falls often happen during highly automatized movements such as walking or running, it might be that movement failure is due to cognitive control while moving [ 20 , 22 , 24 , 25 ]. Instead of performing an automatized movement, people seem to consciously control movement execution, which results in performance decrements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Movement-Specific Reinvestment in Older People Explains Past Falls and Predicts Future Error-Prone Movements

Musculus

Kinrade

Laborde

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The tendency to think about or consciously control automated movements (i.e., movement-specific reinvestment) is a crucial factor associated with falling in the elderly. We tested whether elderly people’s movement-specific reinvestment depended on their past falling history and whether it can predict future error-prone movements. In a longitudinal pre-post design, we assessed n = 21 elderly people’s (Mage = 84.38 years, SD = 5.68) falling history, movement-specific reinvestment (i.e., Movement-Specific Reinvestment Scale), and physical functioning (i.e., Short-Physical-Performance Battery). Following a baseline assessment, participants reported their movement behavior in a daily diary for 2 months, after which we assessed their movement-specific reinvestment and physical functioning again (longitudinal, pre-post design). Results revealed, first, that participants’ movement self-consciousness score was fairly stable, while their conscious-motor-processing score was less stable. Second, conscious motor processing was higher in participants who had fallen as opposed to those who had not fallen in the past. Third, conscious motor processing predicted error-prone future movement behavior reported in the daily diary. For identifying individuals who are more prone to fall, caregivers, rehabilitation staff, or doctors could apply the Movement-Specific Reinvestment Scale to screen elderly people’s psychomotor behavior. Based on conscious motor processing, monitoring cognitions could be tailored in theory-based, individual interventions involving both cognitive and motor training.

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The role of conscious processing of movements during balance by young and older adults

Cited by 10 publications

References 53 publications

On the Reproducibility of Power Analyses in Motor Behavior Research

On the Reproducibility of Power Analyses in Motor Behavior Research

Electroencephalographic neurofeedback training can decrease conscious motor control and increase single and dual-task psychomotor performance

Movement-Specific Reinvestment in Older People Explains Past Falls and Predicts Future Error-Prone Movements

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