The Role of Cover Crops in North American Cropping Systems

Sarrantonio, Marianne; Gallandt, Eric R.

doi:10.1300/j144v08n01_04

Cited by 207 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…There are reports that cover crops can suppress cash crops growth through the competition for resources. But, simulative effect of legume cover crops on cash crops through enhancement of nitrogen availability was reported by Sarrantonio and Gallandt (2003) and Calegari et al (2005) and promotion of genes that delay senescence and enhance disease resistance (Kumar et al, 2004). …”

Section: Weed Biomass and Corn Yieldmentioning

confidence: 96%

Response of leaf area and dry matter of crop, weeds and cover crops to competition and fertilizer resources

Dadashi

Zaefarian

Abbasi

et al. 2015

AAS

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Plasticity of plants to allocate leaf area and dry matter to upper layer of canopy play important role in canopy architecture and competition. In order to study the vertical distribution of leaf area and dry matter of corn (Zea mays L.), cover crops and weeds canopy in different fertilizer condition and competition, a randomized complete block design experiment with 8 treatments and 3 replicates was conducted at Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University in 2012. Treatments were included corn with soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) as cover crop without fertilizer application, corn with soybean as cover crop with chemical fertilizer application, corn with soybean as cover crop with compost fertilizer application, corn with wheat (Triticum aesitivum L.) as cover crop without fertilizer application, corn with wheat as cover crop with chemical fertilizer application, corn with wheat as cover crop with compost fertilizer application and corn monoculture both in weedy and weed free conditions. The results showed that weed infestation reduced total leaf area and dry matter of corn. Corn distributed more leaf area and dry mater of canopy to the upper layer in weedy conditions. Between cover crops, soybeans allocated corn leaf area and dry mater to the higher layers of canopy than wheat. Also, soybean reduced leaf area and dry mater production of weeds more than wheat. Soybean as cover crop with the use of compost treatment was more efficient in reducing of weed biomass and corn yield production.

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Section: Weed Biomass and Corn Yieldmentioning

confidence: 96%

Response of leaf area and dry matter of crop, weeds and cover crops to competition and fertilizer resources

Dadashi

Zaefarian

Abbasi

et al. 2015

AAS

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“…Lu [15] showed that all nitrogen cycle processes increased with N addition. The crops rotation where plants predominate that are succulent and rich in proteins and sugars such as legumes release nutrients more quickly, whereas plants that are more fibrous, such as grasses and cereals, release nutrients more slowly, but promote more stable organic matter [16]. Systems that increase inputs of C and N through the inclusion of legumes or fibrous rooted crops in the crop rotation, may increase microbial populations and activities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Tillage System and Crop Rotation on Soil Microbial Diversity and Composition in a Subtropical Acrisol

et al. 2012

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Agricultural management alters physical and chemical soil properties, which directly affects microbial life strategies and community composition. The microbial community drives important nutrient cycling processes that can influence soil quality, cropping productivity and environmental sustainability. In this research, a long-term agricultural experiment in a subtropical Acrisol was studied in south Brazil. The plots at this site represent two tillage systems, two nitrogen fertilization regimes and three crop rotation systems. Using Illumina high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, the archaeal and bacterial composition was determined from phylum to species level in the different plot treatments. The relative abundance of these taxes was correlated with measured soil properties. The P, Mg, total organic carbon, total N and mineral N were significantly higher in the no-tillage system. The microbial diversity was higher in the notillage system at order, family, genus and species level. In addition, overall microbial composition changed significantly between conventional tillage and no-tillage systems. Anaerobic bacteria, such as clostridia, dominate in no-tilled soil as well as anaerobic methanogenic archaea, which were detected only in the no-tillage system. Microbial diversity was higher in plots in which only cereals (oat and maize) were grown. Soil management influenced soil biodiversity on Acrisol by change of composition and abundance of individual species. OPEN ACCESSDiversity 2012, 4 376

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“…Liebman and Davis 2000). Cover crops fit very well in such an integrated approach, as they provide many additional services to the agro-ecosystem, including improved soil quality, increased nutrient cycling and, in some cases, a contribution to pest management (Sarrantonio and Gallandt 2003). With respect to weeds, cover crop residues have been reported to negatively affect germination and establishment of weed seeds (Weston 1996;Ohno et al 2000; e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cover crop residue management for optimizing weed control

Kruidhof

Bastiaans²,

Kropff³

2008

Plant Soil

106

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Although residue management seems a key factor in residue-mediated weed suppression, very few studies have systematically compared the influence of different residue management strategies on the establishment of crop and weed species. We evaluated the effect of several methods of pre-treatment and placement of winter rye (Secale cereale L.) and winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) residue on seedling emergence under field conditions. For both species two cultivars, differing in allelochemical content, were used. Residues incorporated in the upper soil layer exerted a large inhibitory effect on the establishment of the relatively early emerging lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) seedlings, whereas the inhibitory effect on the slightly later emerging Stellaria media L. seedlings was variable, and often a stimulatory effect on the very late emerging Chenopodium album L. seedlings was observed. Differences between cover crop cultivars were minor. For winter oilseed rape residue, pre-treatment strongly affected the time-course of residue-mediated effects. Finely ground residues were only inhibitory to seedling establishment during the first two to three weeks, whereas cut residues became inhibitory after this period. For winter rye, residue placement was most important. Residue incorporation gave variable results, whereas placement of winter rye residue on top of the soil inhibited the emergence of all receptor species. In conclusion, the optimal residue management strategy for weed suppression depends both on the cover crop species used and the target weed species.

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The Role of Cover Crops in North American Cropping Systems

Cited by 207 publications

References 75 publications

Response of leaf area and dry matter of crop, weeds and cover crops to competition and fertilizer resources

Response of leaf area and dry matter of crop, weeds and cover crops to competition and fertilizer resources

The Effect of Tillage System and Crop Rotation on Soil Microbial Diversity and Composition in a Subtropical Acrisol

Cover crop residue management for optimizing weed control

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