The role of crosslinking treatment on the pore structure and water transmission of biocollagenic materials

Abstract

The knowledge of the factors involved in the water transmission through collagen fibrous network of skin and leather is essential in the manufacture of materials that will give improved service and maintain a sufficiently high level of breathability and permeability to assure comfort to the wearer. The study of the structure and connectivity of the pores in the skin and leather is essential since it influences the heat and mass transport processes. This research study focuses on the porous structure and water vapor permeability of animal skin after it has been subjected to different treatments, such as pickling or tanning with chromium salts, or vegetable tannins. The obtained data indicated that surface groups, inorganic matter, and pore size distribution have influence on the water transmission. Water vapor adsorption isotherms showed pickled skin to have a greater adsorption capacity at a higher relative humidity, whereas vegetable-tanned leather was found to be the sample with the lowest adsorption at higher relative humidity probably due to its greater density, lower accessibility of the functional groups, and wider distribution of pore sizes than the other materials.

Magnetic scaffolds of polycaprolactone with functionalized magnetite nanoparticles: physicochemical, mechanical, and biological properties effective for bone regeneration

“…The porosity of the scaffolds, rst estimated using the ethanol replacement test, was shown to be 65-70%, which was in similar range to the porosity measured by the mercury intrusion porosimetry. Other properties such as bulk density and skeletal density could also be obtained by this method, 24,25 as summarized in Table 1. While the porosity was similar among the scaffolds, the density level increased with increasing MNP content, which was due to the higher density of inorganic MNPs than PCL.…”

The role of solid bitumen in the development of porosity in shale oil reservoir rocks of the Upper Cretaceous in Colombia

“…From the results obtained these objectives were enlarged to determine the role of solid bitumen in the development of porosity in the different sedimentary levels of both members. Mercury injection porosimetry (MIP) analysis to obtain the pore volume for pore sizes between 5.5 and 12,000 nm is a conventional (this technique is normalized by ISO and ASTM standards, see references), very well known and widely used method for determining porosity in porous materials (e.g., Alvarez et al, 1994;Ruiz et al, 1993Ruiz et al, , 2001Ruiz et al, , 2006Girón et al, 2012;among other); in materials from various origins (e.g., Gil et al, 2013;Girón et al, 2012;Suárez-Ruiz and Parra, 2007 and references therein) in coals (e.g., Jiménez et al, 1998;Li et al, 1999;Okolo et al, 2015;Rubiera et al, 1999;Van Krevelen, 1993;Zhang et al, 2010), etc. In recent years mercury intrusion porosimetry have been applied to the study of porosity not only in coals but also in levels of shales (e.g., Al Hinai et al, 2014;Josh et al, 2012;Mastalerz et al, 2013;Ross and Bustin, 2009;Tian et al, 2013) containing dispersed organic matter.…”

The effects of finish type on permeability and organoleptic properties of python (Python reticulatus) skin finished leather

“…Leather is a unique material with the ability to breathe through porous network. Breathability and leather permeability and porosity are associated with the chemicals on the leather surface (Gil et al, 2013).…”