The Role of Cultural and Demographic Diversity in Crowding Perception: Evidence From Nature Reserves in Israel

The impact of perceived crowding on customer satisfaction

“…A visitor's age seems to be a significant predictor for perceptions of crowding (Fleishman et al, 2004;Jurado et al, 2013;Rasoolimanesh, Jaafar, Marzuki, & Mohamad, 2016). Our data shows, that both younger and older visitors perceive crowding.…”

“…Age and gender, as well as whether visitors are first timers or repeat visitors, have been determined to influence visitor perceptions of crowding (Absher & Lee, 1981;Eroglu, Machleit, & Barr, 2005;Fleishman, Feitelson, & Salomon, 2004;Jurado et al, 2013). There is some evidence from psychological and social research that different age groups have distinct needs for physical space and are a predictor for perceptions of crowding (Cohen, 1992;Golant, 1983).…”

“…There is some evidence from psychological and social research that different age groups have distinct needs for physical space and are a predictor for perceptions of crowding (Cohen, 1992;Golant, 1983). Age, thus has been studied in a variety of studies, and authors agree that older people are less negatively impacted by crowding than younger visitors (Fleishman et al, 2004). Golant (1983) found that younger people generally require more physical space than older people.…”

Factors Influencing Perceived Crowding of Tourists and Sustainable Tourism Destination Management

“…The design of the questionnaire was based on the literature about nationality, motivation and perceived crowding [14][15][16][17][20][21][22][23][24][25]. The respondents evaluated the importance of 23 motivation factors during their trips [9,10,22] by answering Likert-type scale questions that used numbers from 1 (not at all important) to 5 (very important) to indicate the relatively importance of motivational factors.…”

“…Perceived crowding usually includes individual influences and environmental influences [25]. The individual influences are composed of personal characteristics (age and education level) as well as personality traits (e.g., attitudes, preferences, motivations, experiences, and expectations), while the environmental influences are comprised of social environmental influences (e.g., features of others, similarity of tourists encountered, conduct of others, size and type of touring parties) along with physical environment influences (e.g., environmental conditions and visiting seasons).…”