The Role of Cytoprotective Cytokines in Cardiac Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

A Potential Shift From Adaptive Immune Activity to Nonspecific Inflammatory Activation Associated With Higher Depression Symptoms in Chronic Heart Failure Patients

“…37 SDF-1 is also secreted by immune cells in response to tissue damage and is suggested to be instrumental in chemoattracting CXCR4(þ) cells involved with cardiac tissue repair. 54,55 Although we found a reduction in baseline chemotaxis to SDF-1 in CHF, other studies determined circulating SDF-1 levels 56 and cardiac tissue levels of SDF-1 and its receptor, CXCR4 are increased, which are subsequently associated with reduced cardiac contractility. 27 It is not clear whether the findings in our study of reduced chemotaxis to SDF-1 are contrary to the increases in SDF-1 levels and receptors in CHF found in other studies.…”

Adipose Tissue-Derived Cells Improve Cardiac Function Following Myocardial Infarction

“…ADCs accelerated angiogenesis in the infarcted areas, namely, increased capillary and arteriole density within the infarct border zones. Given the absence of significant numbers of donor cells retained within this region (or incorporated into the vessel wall) at 12 wk, and the known fact that ADCs are able to secrete numerous angiogenic, arteriogenic, chemotactic, and antiapoptotic growth factors [6,17,19,34], it is most likely that a paracrine signaling mechanism may be responsible for the observed improvements rather than cell differentiation and engraftment.…”

“…Furthermore, angiogenic and cytoprotective growth factors and cytokines such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), as well as hepatocyte growth factor have been shown to significantly improve cardiac function through increased angiogenesis and decreases in infarct size, when either directly administered acutely post-MI [34] or delivered as a gene construct [36] in a rat MI model. Similar data were reported by Li et al who showed increased capillary densities along with significantly higher VEGF protein levels and VEGF mRNA expression after adipose stromal cell treatment in a rat MI model [31].…”

Ex vivo paracrine properties of cardiac tissue: Effects of chronic heart failure

“…68 CXC-ELR receptor-mediated activation of the PI3K-γ/Akt/mTOR pathway also promotes cell survival. 69,70 Human MSC-conditioned media attenuates post-ischemia cardiac cell injury and promotes survival by activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. 71 We speculate that HGF and the CXCL-CXCR chemokines, including MIF, SDF and NAP-2, are necessary, although possibly not sufficient, cardiac tissue-derived factors that support migration, survival, and proliferation of pro-angiogenic CSCs by activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.…”