The Role of Cytoskeleton Protein 4.1 in Immunotherapy

Abstract

Cytoskeleton protein 4.1 is an essential class of skeletal membrane protein, initially found in red blood cells, and can be classified into four types: 4.1R (red blood cell type), 4.1N (neuronal type), 4.1G (general type), and 4.1B (brain type). As research progressed, it was discovered that cytoskeleton protein 4.1 plays a vital role in cancer as a tumor suppressor. Many studies have also demonstrated that cytoskeleton protein 4.1 acts as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for tumors. Moreover, with the rise of immunotherapy, the tumor microenvironment as a treatment target in cancer has attracted great interest. Increasing evidence has shown the immunoregulatory potential of cytoskeleton protein 4.1 in the tumor microenvironment and treatment. In this review, we discuss the role of cytoskeleton protein 4.1 within the tumor microenvironment in immunoregulation and cancer development, with the intention of providing a new approach and new ideas for future cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer: A Review of Current Evidence

“…Therefore, Gao et al engineered CAR-T cells with NKG2D and shRNA-4.1R to evaluate its effects in PC [ 70 ]. 4.1R is a cytoskeletal protein that plays a significant role in immunomodulation and cancer development [ 71 ]. It was found that 4.1R deletion in NKG2D CAR-T cells is related to their higher cytotoxicity in vitro against PC cells (SW1990, CAPAN2, and PANC28 cells) in a dose-dependent manner.…”